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March 23, 2011
Rare publications dating again for the seventeenth century will take on the familiar nevertheless considerably refreshed sort when Cambridge University Press officially starts scanning and reprinting original copies through the university library. To celebrate the 475th anniversary from the founding of your press (and 425 years printing textbooks) Cambridge will scan 475 volumes from your library's selection of uncommon materials, like functions by Darwin, Shakespeare, and Charles Babbage. The university hopes to scan an extra one,000 guides by the finish of the yr, all of which will be obtainable on a print-on-demand basis for $15 to $25.
"The idea came about because we were looking at the library at Cambridge and looking at what a treasure trove it was for publications that are no longer circulating because they are so valuable. The only place you can see or use them is through vaults with a librarian," said Erin Igoe, library sales and marketing manager for Cambridge University Press. "We felt that a lot of these publications, even though they might be [very old], if we make them available they would be valuable."
The initiative, termed "Guides of Enduring Scholarly Value," is the latest in a burgeoning trend of universities reprinting scarce publications from their libraries. On Tuesday, the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor announced that it would reprint 400,000 further titles from its libraries in collaboration with BookSurge, a company owned by Amazon.com. Some of these books are considered rare and hard to find copies, and it is likely that some are the last copies in existence, according to Maria Bonn, director of Michigan Library's scholarly publishing office. Many from the titles will range in price from $10 to $45, the revenue from that will be shared with BookSurge.
Cornell University was one of the first to start printing books on-demand, partnering with Amazon.com in 2006 to put 6,000 titles on sale for reprinting through its Library Bookstore. In February, the university announced that it would expand its collection to close to 90,000 print-on-demand titles based on the popularity the first round of guides had received. Some of these textbooks are considered unusual or special titles, which includes at least one assortment of entirely rare and special resources.
Kissinger Publishing specializes in reprinting scarce and scarce books, and the Public Domain Archive and Reprints Service has over 2.7 million titles in the public domain offered for reprinting.
"The technology for putting ink on paper has changed so radically over the past ten a long time or so that this is not surprising," Robert Townsend, assistant director for research and publications at the American Historical Association, stated in an e-mail. "A lot of your costs come in publishing the first copy. Scanning and publishing older texts, where someone has already paid the first copy costs, is incredibly cheap now, particularly with the kinds of online discoverability and distribution that help to reduce all those costs. Between the searchability of Google Guides and the opportunity to buy some of these 'lost' functions in print, this is an exciting time even for die hard bibliophiles."
A Developing Process

When Cambridge decided that it would go into the rare book printing business,Office Home And Student 2010 Key, it began by asking scholars from around the world which guides they would like to see reprinted from their unique forms. Those books were then scanned using state of your art technology to automate the process, and corrected for blemishes on the pages. Books will then be printed one at a time based on demand.
The press has long been involved with digitization of guides, as well as printing on-demand again copies of titles in its catalog. However, the use of publications in the university's library represented a new domain for the publisher. "Some of these are titles that weren't available in the free domain. By making them available, we are creating a desire. Because they are scanned and available,Microsoft Office Pro Plus, people know they're out there," Igoe said.
At Michigan, the reprinting collaboration, which began in 2004, has previously resulted in select titles being offered on Amazon. Now, with hundreds of thousands of textbooks on the market, scholars will have the opportunity to purchase publications like The Art of Perfumery from 1857 or Notes on nursing: what it is and what it is not from 1898. The university is looking to recover its costs from printing the publications, but said that if any money is made, it would go back again to supporting the Michigan Library system.
"We've already digitized them for other purposes. We've made that investment and now we want to deliver it in the format we want. There aren't any costs for us until it's printed. If we only print at the point of purchase, we will recover our costs," Bonn said.
With the reprinting program now four a long time old,Office 2007 Professional Plus, Bonn has noted different patterns in the popularity of certain textbooks. For example, after a bridge in Minneapolis collapsed last yr, popularity spiked for a couple publications on late 19th century bridge design. Information about another book on beekeeping circulated on a beekeeping listserv, which led to a rise in interest for that book. During election a long time, political books tend to be more popular. But, unsurprisingly, the relative interest levels in these publications seems to pale in comparison to new releases. She noted in a press release that past bestsellers might sell 100 copies and other publications that have become popular by topical interest have sold somewhere in the region of 35 copies.
At Cornell -- which has been digitizing performs for over 15 a long time -- the partnership with Amazon.com that began four a long time ago has provided its scholars with a new way to access old work. According to your Library Bookstore's website, its most popular publications for the month of May included the 1857 classic, The Physiology of New York Boarding Houses and A Colored man's reminiscences of James Madison,Office 2007 Professional Plus, published in 1865. According to Oya Rieger, associate university librarian for information technologies at Cornell, reprinting is, "not only for scholars. With print-on-demand, although we initially targeted scholarly use, the publications are purchased by people who are interested in genealogy or pursuing their hobbies. It's very gratifying to see that these seldom used textbooks are finding new users."
Increasing Access

The reprinting of guides that one would normally have to travel to libraries to see begs the question of whether these libraries are in fact competing against themselves by providing the service. Now, those who might otherwise trek to Cambridge or Ann Arbor or Ithaca to see these uncommon guides can instead order them sent to their own offices.
Igoe maintains the scanning with the guides is about providing scholars with accessibility. "Not everyone would get a chance to travel for the actual library," she said. "Some from the older publications, because they are so fragile, aren't allowed out of vaults. It's a bit of a different universe of guides. Some of these publications haven't seen the light of day except for something extremely specific."
Bonn agreed, saying,Office 2010 Product Key, "Really this is a way of enhancing the reach of these publications -- people across the world can see them now and people across the world can order them. We are always interested in people using publications and people connecting to the selection."
'A Damper on Digital?'
Digitization seems to be all the rage these days, but one result of reprinting could be to bring print guides again into the limelight.
"To me, it shows the enduring power of the guides. Some people get a little too focused on how everything has to be digital. This reflects the revolution that's going to take place in print publishing," Townsend said. "It shows how it can remain viable in the future. We're still a good ways away through the point when the digital book in whatever form is going to replace the value of your printed book."
Though digitizing projects like Google Textbooks work well for shorter pieces of writing, reprinting solves the oft-encountered scholarly problem of having to print out a 300 page digitized book. Print-on-demand technologies as a whole, he said, make it very easy to obtain single copies of desired guides. Townsend added that many have speculated Google could join the unusual book reprinting industry once it deals with the controversy surrounding its Book Search settlement. "The technology that makes it reasonable for university presses now makes it entirely reasonable for Google," he said.
Print books, more than digitized guides, usually maintain a certain level of quality, Rieger said. For this reason, while digitization is useful in many regards, people still like to maintain their bookshelves. "At production level, we are more conscious about the quality of scans to make sure they yield themselves to high-end printing. When digitizing, we need to set the image quality level in order to support print-on-demand," she said. "Yes, you have digital, but if it is in poor shape such as missing pages and poor image quality, then you are not able to offer a good product that will be useful and valued."
Rieger said that people should look at online publications as a "new media" and a "new genre," rather than as the certain future of your written word. "Although there are some disciplines and subjects where we could assume [digitization] is a replacement for print, we need to be careful about equating print with digital. They continue to fulfill the different needs of scholars. We're not seeing [print-on-demand] as a damper on digital, we're seeing it as being careful about making deterministic decisions."