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ciety that has destroyed democracy in the name of “progress.” Roland Huntford demonstrates by fact after shocking fact how an apparently democratic, prosperous, peaceful Utopia is totally controlled by a bureaucracy which actively discourages all signs of individuality. “Much more than a ‘horror file.’ It is a study of the ‘whys’ of this unopposed bureaucracy. … Full of valuable insights, it is an illuminating account of the ideas in whose service mbt chapa the Swedes have become so compliant!’ ?ook News “A landmark work!” ?an Francisco Chronicle “The first detailed critique of the Social Democratic regime.” ?he New York Times Book Review “Buy it, borrow it, or rent it ?but find time and money to give this book a thoughtful reading.” ?ookmailer News “It mbt sale will take more than a single volume to disillusion Americans about ‘democratic socialism’ and the ‘free’ welfare state, but if any book can do it, this is it!’ ?uman Events Roland Huntford has been Scandinavian correspondent for one of the world’s great newspapers, The Observer. His other books include The Sea of Darkness and Scott &amp; Amundsen. Contents Introduction to the paperback edition vii 1. The New Totalitarians 7 2. The Historical Background 14 3. Industrial Peace and the Rise of Modern Sweden 49 4. A Planner’s Promised Land 68 5. The Corporate State 86 6. Judiciary and Ombudsman 122 7. The Rule of the Apparatchik 135 8. Agitprop and the Perpetuation of the Regime 147 9. Economic Security and Political Servitude 166 10. We mbt footwear lfare as an Instrument of Control 182 11. Education in the Service of Conditioning 204 12. The Environmental Mill 250 13. The Mass Media as Agents of Conformity 285 14. Culture in the Political Armoury 305 15. The ######ual Branch of Social Engineering 325 16. Brave New Sweden 338 Index 349 Introduction to the paperback edition When this book was first published, in 1972, the Social Democrats had ruled Sweden for almost forty years. They seemed destined to continue doing so for forty years more. Since then, however, they have lost two elections <a href="http://www.airmaxseller.com/nikeairmax95-c-5.html"><strong>95 Air Max</strong></a> in a row, and the country has been governed by the non-socialist parties instead. Remarkably little has changed, however. The corporatism which lies at the heart of the Swedish system, and which was my central theme, continues on its way. Sweden is run in much the same way as before. The main difference is that the corporatism of the left has been replaced by one of the center. This may be seen as an outcome of the general European swing to the right. The Swedish Social Democrats, however, had held office longer than almost any other party outside the dictatorships of mbt discount Russia and Salazar’s Portugal, and mbt forty years of socialist, or rather corporatist, rule has left its mark. Corporatism has been implicitly accepted as an article of faith, it transcends politics and party. The bureaucracy has been the guarantor of continuity, for prime ministers may come and go, but the bureaucrat endures. The change of government in Sweden demonstrated the comparative unimportance of politicians. The lesson of the Socialist defeats in the general elections of 1976 and 1979 is that the functionary is king; the functionary of party, institution, and state. It is a lesson simplified by weak politicians on the one hand and strong bureaucrats on the other. By definition, almost, the functionary prefers a corporatist system and collective ethos. Both put institutional loyalty before vii The New Totalitarians that of class, conscience, or anything else. In a mbt walking shoes complex, industrialized modern society, where the big organization is the desirable norm, and the individual a regrettable necessity, this is a definite advantage. It eliminates most?lthough not all?ajor conflict, and makes the wheels go round. Industrial relations remain the classic example, as they were throughout the years of Socialist rule. The trade unions being a branch of the socialist movement, with the Social Democratic Party their parliamentary wing, their political allegiance has always been part of their creed. Nonetheless, they have refrained? by and large?rom acting politically in conducting wage negotiations and industrial relations in general. They have cooperated with the government of the day. Or, to put it differently, unions and employers, through the functionaries of their central organizations, have continued to arrange matters to their mutual satisfaction, while their counterparts in the State hold the ring. This has meant that Sweden has weathered recent economic squalls with less industrial disruption and social strain than <a href="http://www.airmaxseller.com/"><strong>Cheap Nike Shoes</strong></a> many Western mbt clearance countri Cheap mbt shoes es. The sense of little having changed except the faces at the top is enhanced by economic policy. Keynesian principles still reign supreme. Sweden remains a country of high government spending and gargantuan taxation. Taxes account for over half the Gross National Product, the hig mbt discount hest in the Western world by far. Although its Utopian image may have faded, Sweden remains, if not a model, at least a political laboratory. If a single issue may be said to have broken the Social Democratic hold on office, it was nuclear power. In 1974, some time before it was of public concern elsewhere, nuclear energy had become a political question in Sweden. The dangers of present-day reactors, the various risks of pollution, became a matter of votes. It was part of mbt shoes online a ground swell?lso ahead of its time?f concern for the environment. The so-called “Green Wave” decided the fate of the government. Eco-politics had arrived. Since Sweden has been traditionally devoted to the viii Introduction pursuit of ever-rising affluence, this is of considerable significance. The Social Democrats, meanwhile, had lost touch wit mbt uk h public opinion. This was due not to any failure of the superb party organization, but to the feelings of the party leader, then prime minister, Mr. Olof Palme. It was the Centre Party, the farmers’ party, that seized opportunity by playing eco-politics. In the 1976 general election, they denounced nuclear power, and thereby won sufficient votes to give the non-Socialist camp a parliamentary majority. This was the election that broke the Social Democrats’ forty-year hold on power, and brought a coalition of Liberals, Conservatives, and Centre Party into office. Eco-politics, however, was played within the corporative structure. It was a party and its related organizations that took the lead and manipulated the issue. Of greater fundamental significance is the evidence of conflict revealed by the advance of the Conservatives or, as they are called in Sweden, the Moderates. In each election since the early seventies, the Moderates have increased their share of the popular vo cheap mbt <a href="http://www.airmaxseller.com/"><strong>Air Max Shoes</strong></a> shoes te until at the 1979 election they won 73 parliamentary seats to become, not only the largest of the non-Socialist parties, but the largest single party after the Social Democrats. The Moderates had taken over the role previously filled by the Centrists. This is the development, rather than the change of government that reveals a shift in the Swedish political spectrum. Broadly speaking, the real dividing line in Swedish politics lies not between Socialist and non-Socialist parties, but between a corporative and individualistic view of society. That division has always lain well to the Right, within the Moderate party, a little right of center. The significance of the Moderate resurgence is to bring more voters onto the non-corporative side of the line. Figures are hard to come by; corporatism is not yet a target of the pollsters. However, we know that the Moderate share of the total popular vote rose from 15.6 percent in 1976 to 20.3 percent ix The New Totalitarians in 1979. At a very rough estimate, the non corporative proportion probably <a href="http://436100.info/view.php?id=91946"><strong>Discount Nike Air Max Shoes Sale Nike Air Structure Triax '91 ...</strong></a> lay between half and a third of mbt chapa these figures. It is a minority protest vote, albeit of some importance. The protest comes from that portion of the middle classes outside the bureaucracy in its widest sense. It is to be found among the professions, the small entrepreneurs and students. They have begun to be worried by the advancing power of the corporativ mbt sale e institutions, and especially by the encroachment of the trade unions on practically every aspect of daily life. They see their liberty, indeed their whole pattern of life, threatened. We are now viewing, as it were, the political landscape beyond welfare and affluence. Both are taken for granted. There are those who are not prepared to pay any price for discount mbt trainers more of the same; certainly not the submersion of the individual into the corporate state. Their numbers have evidently increased, and they have spoken at the ballot box. This mbt shoes is distinctly encouraging; a gleam of light in the pessimism with which I wrote this book. The advance of the fa mbt stockists celess organization and its functionary has been slowed a trifle. Ten years ago, few would have dared to prophesy in such terms. Very possibly disillusion was helped by the threat of the socalled Wage Earners’ Funds. This was a radical Social Democratic plan to transfer power in industry from boardroom to the unions. The idea was that workers would be given shares in the firms by which they were employed, so that they would become a large block of shareholders. But the power of representing them on the company boards would be statutorily vested in the trade unions. This ultimate corporatist threat to society almost certainly drove waverers out of the socialist camp, and benefited Related posts:tunisha shoe paypal mbt sandals technolog cheap Cheap MBT on sale Discount Cheap ghd Discount in uk Discount asics shoe is outsourcing production Cheap Vibram FiveFingers Speed Sale with high performance This entry was posted on July 23, 2011 at 5:34 am and is filed under article. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.