SOD
SOD (superoxide dismutase) is an active substance derived from living organisms, can eliminate the metabolic process of organisms harmful substances. SOD on the human body continually replenish the anti-aging special effects. SOD (Superoxide Dismutase, EC1.15.1.1, SOD) is the first time in 1938, Marn, who are isolated from bovine red blood cell superoxide dismutase since the beginning of SOD of people seventy years has been history. 1969, McCord and other re-found that the protein, and the discovery of their biological activity and clarify its catalytic disproportionation reaction of peroxynitrite anion nature, officially named superoxide dismutase.
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Japanese Adult production company overview the main subsidiary of SOD SOD special feature (Japan) SOD SOD body position classification outlined SODSOD relationship between human health and beauty SOD SOD overview of the role and purpose Dosage and side effects of superoxide dismutase SOD clinical application of the product lot number in China, application of superoxide dismutase in the right dose of separation of responsibilities outlined in the Japanese adult production company, the full name of Soft on demand (ソ フ & Suites * オ ン マ ン デ ド Corporation) SOD is a well-known in Japan, adult production company, mainly engaged in taking photographs of the adult AV. Japan is currently in the original red yarn Japanese Girl Li is the central unit of the company's artists. SOD English name Orgotein (Superoxide Dismutase, SOD) SOD main subsidiaries ナ チ ュ ラ Hikaru ハ イ (Natural High) 1999 年 8 joined the unit, video content GEEK class-based デ ィ プ ス (Deeps) 1999 年 10 joined its DANDY 2006 年 8 HUNTER 2002007 joined its accession on April 1 ROCKET 2008 年 SOD joined the Special Planning (Japan) terms: SOD Alias: liver protein, Olympic Valley, protein superoxide dismutase (Superoxide Dismutase referred to as SOD) is a new enzyme preparation, it's very widespread in the biosphere, almost from the people to cells, from animals to plants, has its existence. Study found that the medical profession, SOD of various diseases have a certain effect, in particular the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, sore red mark, dermatomyositis and other effects were significant. In addition, radiation protection, anti-aging, anti-tumor also has entered the clinical. Sod through the blood, take blood, acetone precipitation, heat treatment, dialysis, on the column, concentrated, freeze-drying from. Added: SOD is a Super Oxide Dimutase abbreviated Chinese name of superoxide dismutase, is an important antioxidant enzyme in vivo, is widely distributed in all living organisms, such as animals, plants and microorganisms. SOD has a special physiological activity, is the first in vivo free radical scavenging substances. SOD in vivo aging and death means the level of visual indicators; has now been confirmed, the disease caused by oxygen free radicals as many as 60. It can fight free radicals and block the cell because of the damage and repairing damaged cells, complex causes the cell damage caused by free radicals. The pressures of modern life, environmental pollution, radiation and a variety of movement will cause excessive formation of oxygen free radical; Therefore, the mechanism of biological antioxidant SOD becoming more and more important! SOD is superoxide dismutase (superoxide dismutase) in abbreviation, is a metallic element that contains the activity of protease, is the biology, medicine and life sciences in the world-class high, sharp, fine topic. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) within the scope of the development of the world, expensive. SOD is approved by the Ministry of Health has anti-aging, immune regulation, regulation of blood lipids, anti-radiation function of the material beauty, one of the statutory number ECl.15.1.1; CAS [905489] 1. Superoxide dismutase SOD classification by the Irwin Fridovich and Joe McCord for the first time found that they are considered the beginning of several proteins of unknown function of the metal. Superoxide dismutase to more common forms: they are the copper and zinc, or manganese, iron, or nickel as a cofactor. Essentially all eukaryotic cells contain cells with copper and zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu / Zn SOD). For example, on the market purified from bovine erythrocytes Cu-Zn-SOD, PDB 1SXA, EC 1.15.1.1. Cu / Zn SOD is a dimer molecular weight of 32,500. Two subunits mainly through hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions together. Copper and zinc and the active site of the histidine side chain on the formation of coordination bonds. Almost all of the mitochondria and many bacteria (such as E. coli) combination of manganese containing superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD). For example, human mitochondria Mn-SOD, PDB 1N0J, EC 1.15.1.1. Manganese ions with the three histidine side chain, an aspartic acid side chain and a water molecule or hydroxyl (depending on the manganese oxidation state) combined with coordination. E. coli and other bacteria also contain a combination of iron superoxide dismutase (Fe SOD): Some bacteria contain only Fe SOD, others contain only Mn SOD, and still others contain both. For example, the E. coli Fe SOD: PDB 1ISA, EC 1.15.1.1. Fe SOD has been found in chloroplasts in plants. Mn SOD and Fe SOD of the active site of the same type of amino acids and metal ions. Human superoxide dismutase 2 active site structure in higher plants, different forms of superoxide dismutase localization in different compartments of the cell. Mn SOD present in mitochondria and peroxisomes; FeSOD mainly located in the chloroplast, but also in peroxisomes can be detected; Cu / Zn SOD is located in the protoplasm, chloroplast, peroxisome and apoplastic body (apoplast) in the. Overview of the human body in the position of SOD in the body (and other mammals and most of the chordate similar), superoxide dismutase also contains three categories: SOD1 located in the cytoplasm; SOD2 in the mitochondria; SOD3 is located in the cell. SOD1 dimer, while the other two categories, compared with tetramer. SOD1 and SOD3 in the active sites containing copper and zinc, while SOD2 is contained manganese. Their genes are located in 21, 6 and chromosome 4 (21q22.1, 6q25.3 and 4p15.3-p15.1). SOD superoxide dismutase (SuperoxideDismutase), referred to as SOD, ECl.15.1.1, is the University of I. 1969 American Dude Fridovich McCoard professor and his graduate students found. It catalyzes the following reaction: 202 +2 H + → H2O2 + O2 O2-called superoxide anion radical, is the organism in a variety of naturally occurring physiological reaction intermediates. It is a reactive oxygen species, with a strong oxidation, biological oxygen poisoning is an important factor. 1, free radicals (Free Radical) Free radicals are a class of very active chemicals, is there not a right (odd) electron atoms, atoms, molecules and ions. One of the most important oxygen free radicals, which can gather the body surface, heart, blood vessels, liver and brain cells. If the deposition in the vascular wall, fibrous lesions cause angiogenesis, leading to artery hardening, hypertension, myocardial infarction; deposition in the brain cells, can cause older nerve sensory dysfunction, resulting in memory, mental disorders and depression, and even senile dementia, is caused by human aging and disease culprit. 2, oxygen free radicals can be divided into two categories: (1) inorganic oxygen radicals: superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical (2) organic oxygen radicals: peroxy radicals, alkoxy radicals, polyunsaturated fatty acid free base RUFA, semiquinone radicals. In addition, the singlet oxygen 1O2, H2O2, NO2, NO, etc. Although there is no odd molecular electronics, but the oxidation ability, so some people put them together, and the oxygen free radicals, collectively known as reactive oxygen species. 3, free radical generation and the nature of the body's normal metabolism will produce free radicals, is required for human activities, but in some special cases, the body will produce excessive free radicals. ★ body will use oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species during ★ radiation: solar, nuclear, X-ray machines, photocopiers,
nike air force one low, computers ★ electromagnetic waves: microwave, hair dryer, phone ★ pollution: vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, waste water, cigarettes (passive smoking), pesticide residues, pesticides ★ matter intake: drug abuse, body condition of certain food additives ★: disease, physical exhaustion. Stress, depression, irritability 4. ◇ radicals may be involved in eye diseases: cataract, degenerative retinopathy, retinopathy ◇ neonatal skin: atopic dermatitis, pigmentation spots, age spots, skin allergies ◇ Cardiovascular: hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmia ◇ respiratory system: nose, allergies, asthma, emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, adult respiratory distress syndrome ◇ Brain: Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease,
air force one low nike, cerebral circulation disorders ◇ red blood cells: sickle cell, broad beans disease, lead poisoning ◇ urinary system: kidney disease, albuminuria, cystitis, prostatic hypertrophy, glomerular inflammation ◇ Other: constipation, bad breath, diabetes and total complications, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, chemotherapy side effects of surgery, organ transplantation, hepatitis, menopause. The relationship between SOD and human health is the body naturally occurring SOD superoxide radical scavenging factor, which can be harmful by the reaction of superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide. Although hydrogen peroxide is still on the body of harmful reactive oxygen species, but the body 6 of the strong catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) will immediately be broken down into the water completely harmless. Thus, three enzymes will form a complete anti-oxygen chain. 1, antioxidant medical reports that the antioxidant capacity of the recession has been brought forward to 35 years old, alone and outside the body of fruits and vegetables have been sufficient to eliminate the common form of oxidative stress ②. Prevention of chronic disease and its complications [free radicals] leading scientists recently discovered a variety of chronic diseases and aging is the culprit so that it [the source of all diseases], is the enemy of human health, free radicals damage the body is cumulative , especially diabetes and cardiovascular disease, said Dr. Lin Tiansong: [take care of your heart, can live to nine-year-old]. A lot of antioxidant intake to develop good habits to ensure that lets you to stay away from the threat of chronic diseases. ③. The reason why anti-aging old man, bit by bit out of view of the signs of aging such as pigmentation, physical deterioration, because the body produces oxidation, the so-called [oxidation] is similar to [rust reaction], antioxidant supplementation can help reduce the oxidation rate, slowing the pace of aging. ④. Excessive fatigue residual free radicals in the body, as if the body as toxins accumulate, it will make people: fatigue, boredom, lack of concentration, often drowsy, yawning, SOD-Like staying up late to the office workers to work overtime, the students meet the test produced fatigue, boost the spirit and focus in areas with remarkable results to help improve job performance and examination results of improvement. ⑤. Side effects of chemotherapy to eliminate cancer patients receiving chemotherapy agents in vivo antioxidant capacity will be greatly reduced, if a low level of free radicals will damage cells, mucous membranes, internal organs, brain, central nervous system and so on. Therefore, cancer patients should be promptly added antioxidants to maintain good physical strength. Japanese Ministry of Health and the American Cancer Center (NCI) also recommend the use of antioxidants to prevent cancer or treat a [free radical] damage to cells caused by the disease. Reduction caused by anticancer drugs such as vomiting, loss of appetite, hair loss and other side effects. ⑥. To avoid secondary surgery can cause a lot of free radical injury surgery, it is suggested that oral administration of antioxidants before and after surgery to quickly restore energy to accelerate wound healing. ⑦. Oxidative stress to resolve the crisis of women in crisis in the oxidation of three women: A, skin spots wrinkles: Because oxygen radicals can not effectively be removed, damaged collagen and elastin proteins, moisturizing and maintaining skin elasticity loss of function, wrinkles will occur, since accelerate melanin deposition. B, poor circulation, menstrual flow, and dark circles, dull gray color. C, menopausal disorders: Because of the lack of estrogen, the body's antioxidant capacity decreased, often the following symptoms: paroxysmal toward the heat, insomnia, night sweating, headache, emotional instability, uneasy. 1. Drug class, mainly in inflammatory diseases, in particular the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, chronic multiple arthritis, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular disease, cancer and radiation therapy in patients with inflammatory diseases; 2. Used for biochemical pharmaceuticals, as a type of enzyme preparation, widely used in clinical and scientific research, with a strong anti-aging, anti-tumor, regulate the role of the human endocrine system; 3. Used in cosmetics, can be added in cosmetics, has excellent antioxidant properties of corrosion resistance. SOD as the main ingredients in the products swept the world, triggered a revolution in the history of cosmetics, the beauty of the human dream come true forever young; 4. As a health food, beverage, sugar, such as SOD, SOD oral solution, SOD dry beer and so very popular! in the beverage, candy, cakes and other foods added SOD can use its corrosion resistance to extend shelf life, but also regulate the human endocrine system. Life Sciences SOD is considered the most magical of the enzyme in the human body's garbage scavengers. SOD is a natural enemy of oxygen free radicals, oxygen free radicals in the body is the number one killer, is the life and health of the country. Global 118 scientists issued a joint statement: Free radicals are the source of all diseases, SOD is the health of the country. The higher SOD activity in the body, the longer life expectancy. SOD SOD on the skin and beauty play a dual role, on the one hand it can promote the formation of an appropriate cross-linking of collagen; the other hand, it can serve as an effective free radical scavenger, to prevent skin aging, maintain supple smooth and young. SOD can also stabilize collagen and elastin, which make the skin elastic. 1, to reduce wrinkles. UV damage in the outside world, the human body to accelerate skin aging and wrinkling. SOD helps protect the skin from UV damage, can effectively eliminate free radicals, blocking the production of elastase and inhibits its activity, thereby improving the skin from within health. Long-term use, can nourish the skin, reducing skin and wrinkles. 2, freckle. Destroy free radicals attack the cell membrane, leading to cell death and cell membrane changes so that the cells can not absorb nutrients from the outside, it could not discharge the product of cell metabolism, the formation of long-term accumulation of melanin, causing skin pigmentation,, Hu Dieban other spot formation. SOD is the most effective free radical scavenging antioxidant, the antioxidant capacity is 20 times the vitamin C, vitamin E, 50 times the free radical scavenging its specificity, efficiency is unmatched by other antioxidants. Stick with SOD may also regulate the endocrine eliminate free radicals to prevent skin pigmentation. SOD in the clinical use of liposome cream topical treatment, prevention, achieved great success. Zhang Huailiang with lecithin, cholesterol, lipid preparation of the carrier as SOD, studies have shown that SOD activity in the cream can be stored for 6 months or more. SOD activity than preparations 100U/mg, dispensing once a week, kept in the refrigerator for a month to complete, in order to avoid inactivation. Choose the course of treatment of 54 cases of chloasma, freckles, 18 cases of secondary pigmentation spots in 13 cases, effective in 7 cases, 6 cases; secondary pigmentation spots in 10 cases, effective in 3 cases, 4 cases of effective and ineffective 3. Another 100 cases with SOD cream for the treatment of melasma that: In addition to local patients outside painted cream with a SOD is not associated with any treatment, after 30-60 days of follow-up study, clinical cure in 23 cases, markedly effective in 56 cases, 21 cases of ineffective ; treatment found to be light, medium is effective in patients with heavy resistance in patients with poor results, 7 cases of severe patients only 2 patients had markedly small number of particularly effective in patients with significant relationship between melasma and sun with obvious good effect. In another clinical trial using topical cream preparations Freckles SOD in 62 cases, follow-up patients, treatment of 20 patients showed markedly effective in 28 cases, 14 cases ineffective, the total effective rate 77.4%. Overview of the role and use of SOD peroxide free radicals can cause damage to the body, the goods by the mammalian red blood cells, liver and tissue isolation of a peptide molecule of the metal enzymes, can induce peroxide into free radicals peroxide of hydrogen and oxygen, and thus clear the inflammatory process associated with free radicals generated by peroxide, and a strong anti-inflammatory effect. Clinically used for rheumatoid arthritis, bone and joint disease, radiation cystitis. In addition, the trial in the fibrous sponge inflammation within the region in Peyronie injection, 1 injection of 5mg ~ 10mg, the majority of patients with symptoms or significant improvement. Dosage and intramuscular injection,
air force one high, chronic rheumatoid arthritis, 8mg / time, 3 to 4 times / week. Intra-articular injection: osteoarthritis, 2mg / times, 1 time every 2 weeks. Deep subcutaneous injection: radiation cystitis, 4mg / times in the 15 to 30 minutes after radiotherapy injection. Occasional side effects of intramuscular injection site pain, urticaria, and proteinuria. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), also known as superoxide dismutase. SOD enzymes are metal, according to the different types of metal ions with the enzyme has the following three types: copper and zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-ZnSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mu-SOD) and iron super- superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD). All three SOD catalytic dismutation of superoxide anion radicals to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. At present, people think that free radicals (also known as free radicals) and the majority of age-related diseases and the human body. The so-called metabolic free radicals is that when the body, can take away the oxygen of an electron, so that the free radical free radical oxygen atoms to become unstable, it is to the molecules in the body tissues in the re-match winning electronics to make their own When the cellular and molecular action of an electronic innovation,
air force 1 high, it has become free radicals, but also to grab the cell membrane or the nucleus or electrons in molecules, so called will produce new free radicals. For example, superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen radicals and methyl radicals, and so on. Because free radicals are very active in the cell, chemical reactions highly involved in a chain reaction that can cause cell membrane lipid peroxidation on and damaged the membrane structure and function. It can cause protein denaturation and cross-linked, so that many enzymes and hormones in vivo loss of biological activity, the body's immunity, reflex ability, athletic ability and other system activity was reduced, while the structure and cause the entire destruction of nucleic acid metabolism disorders, eventually the lesions occur in the body. Therefore, free radicals as human waste, can promote the occurrence of certain diseases and the aging of the body. Although free radicals in the body the body will produce a lot of free radical damage, but in general conditions also exist in human cells scavenging free radicals and inhibit free radical reactions in the system, which some belong to antioxidant enzymes, and some are antioxidants. As SOD is a major antioxidant enzyme, to remove superoxide free radicals, oxygen toxicity in the defense, suppression and prevention of aging and other age-related diseases play an important role. SOD can be single-minded way to remove the body of harmful free radicals, free radical oxidation to remove the body caused by certain components of the body damage. Such as oxygen toxicity, acute inflammation, edema, autoimmune disease, radiation sickness and other diseases are associated with reactive oxygen toxicity. Experiments show that, SOD can eliminate free radicals, thus eliminating the cause of the disease. This detoxification reaction is two steps: the first is, as the harmful substances in the SOD superoxide anion and hydrogen ions under the effect of the reaction of another substance - hydrogen peroxide; second step, hydrogen peroxide and in the hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen under the action of the enzyme from the reaction of the resulting a harmless substance - water. In vivo, the first reaction of hydrogen peroxide generated by enzymes catalase or glutathione system to give clear, so as a medicinal treatment, such as SOD and catalase or glutathione catalase combined, the treatment effect will be better. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) superoxide anion as the integration of agents, it is both commonly used in clinical treatment, SOD can be made into capsules. Example Saifun SOD capsule, which can effectively capture free radicals, the body against free radical damage to proteins, resulting in elderly patients often made of three high complications. Superoxide dismutase SOD clinical treatment and prevention of clinical trials the following diseases: (1) can inhibit cardiovascular disease: the aging of the body and the body of oxygen free radicals are closely related with the accumulation, SOD can get rid of excess body harmful oxygen free, is the beneficial effect on the health component. Regulate the role of lipids in health, can prevent atherosclerosis, prevention of high blood cholesterol causes cardiovascular disease. Reduce lipid peroxide content. (2) anti-aging effects: age and some external factors can cause the body and the skin of free radicals than the body's normal ability to eliminate free radicals, which damage the skin tissue, leading to aging. Because SOD can eliminate free radicals, which can delay aging. (3) autoimmune diseases: SOD of various autoimmune diseases have a certain effect. Such as lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, dermatomyositis and so on. For patients with rheumatoid arthritis should not form in the acute phase of disease before the use of better effect. (4) Emphysema: Emphysema patients may also be used SOD, but it should be elastic fibers in the lesions of early lung damage has not been used, better effect. (5) radiation sickness and radiation protection: This product can be used to treat cystitis caused by radiotherapy, dermatomyositis, lupus erythematosus, and neutropenia and other diseases, the possible personnel exposure to ionizing radiation, SOD can also be injected as a precautionary measure. (6) age-related cataract: the entry of these diseases should be before old age began to take antioxidants regularly, or often injected SOD. Once the formation of cataracts, then, subject to removal, the use of SOD treatment ineffective. The body's Official Number: ECI.15.1.1 CAS :9054-89-1 SOD effect of Chinese Ministry of Health Approval No.: anti-aging :97-748 ,98-81 immune :97-221 ,97-598 :97-9 regulation of blood lipids ,97-267 Radiation Beauty :97-795 :97 -697 anaerobic than Earth, all the plants and animals, and aerobic organisms can not do without oxygen. There is no doubt that oxygen is the basis for all life activities substances. However, participation in life activities of oxygen also produce oxygen free radicals, causing cell damage,
air force 1 shoes, leading to disease. Oxygen is itself a radical, because the oxygen molecule has two unpaired orbital electrons easily into free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Reduction of oxygen metabolism in organic, bio-energy offers, the last generation of water, received a total of four electrons. In this reduction process, each receiving an electronic to generate a free radical or reactive oxygen species. O2 + e → O2 O2 +2 e +2 H + → H2O2 O2 +3 e +3 H + → H2O + · OH O2 +4 e +4 H + → 2H2O oxygen - electron reduction generates superoxide anion radical, two-electron reduction generates hydrogen peroxide, three-electron reduction generate hydroxyl radical, the four electron reduction to form water. In which hydrogen peroxide as a strong oxidizing reactive oxygen species, and generate oxygen free radicals can participate in many reactions. In addition to O2, H2O2 radical, there are hydroxyl radical (· OH), O2, RO, RO2, and ROOH, which is the most important of several radicals in vivo. Superoxide radical (O2) is the ground state of oxygen accepts an electron to form the first oxygen free radicals. The specificity of SOD is the body of a superoxide anion radical antioxidant enzymes. The toxicity of SOD at home and abroad a wide range of research, large amounts of data indicate that SOD non-toxic, no side effects. China's Ministry of Health and SFDA part of the batch oxidation :96-2 ,97-588 ,97-795, G06-299; enhance immunity :97-221 ,97 -58897-610 ,97-679 ,97-893, 00-11; lowering :97-9 ,97-267 ,97-729 ,97-748; anti-radiation :97 -697 ,97-748; anti-aging :97-748 ,98-81 ,00-11; protection skin moisture :00-322; remove melasma :97-795. more about the relationship between SOD and free radicals and the relationship between SOD and disease concerns SOD Doctor blog, please! Professional science! The application of superoxide dismutase dose in addition to heterologous superoxide dismutase (SOD) may cause allergic reactions outside, SOD toxicity is very low. However, application of SOD does not mean that the greater the dose of treatment, the better. Experimental and clinical studies have shown, Cu, Zn-SOD at 5 ~ 150μg/kg the dose range of biological activity is positively correlated with the dose. With higher than normal clinical dose of 100 to 1000 times the rats were observed protective effect of ischemic and did not get better results. Moreover, in rats in vivo proof of a very high dose also makes inflammation worse,
nike air force one high, clinical studies have proved this point. Cattle currently in the application of Cu, Zn-SOD treatment of arthritis, usually intramuscular injection at a dose of 30 ~ 200μg/kg, 2 or 3 times a week dosing, treatment 1 ~ 4mo. The exogenous SOD at such a low that is the role of the case, and the role of higher doses is not a better reason, Jadot et al [10] that the possible explanation is that part of the injection of SOD in the cell membrane with the outer wall of the semi- specific sites (with each cell approximately 100 to 1000 molecules), thereby protecting cells from free radical attack. The exogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD) has become a fixed film composition, than the extracellular free enzymes more effective. Protection by SOD in human fibroblasts from UV damage in the experiment, rinse out excess exogenous enzymes, the result of protection still exist to support this inference. SOD is not homologous to the identification of these membrane receptors without displaying activity. The reason is requested and the membrane binding sites should be heterologous amino acid sequence, the heterologous sequence of SOD have such different sources, while the SOD does not have homology. Of the proteins identified in this sequence, the equivalent of SOD molecules required to have one of each epitope, and this activity is essential. Separation of Ownership and management responsibilities words, SEPARATION OF DUTY acronym. Atlas Atlas entry for more extended reading: 1
http://www.hysod.com
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http://hi.baidu.com/ Chen Zhe
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http://blog.sina.com.cn/sod8481
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