养兰与护兰

兰花秋分换盆
秋高气爽,晴空万里.徐徐秋风将兰苑中的兰蕙吹得绿浪翻滚,摇曳多姿的翠叶在散射光下烁烁生辉,一批批红绿 相间的花苞应时而生.广大爱兰者经历春夏的繁忙和艰辛,终于迎来了丰收的喜悦.年年如此,乐而忘忧.这就是 兰人们修身养性.寄予期望的现实写照.
秋分转瞬来临,分盆的季节开始了.古兰家们认为:春分墨建,秋分春蕙.这是历史性的总结.一般正常情况下的 秋分换盆,能使兰蕙得以按照规律较好地生长,所 谓分长有序,应时而得.秋分的前十天后十天是最佳分盆时间,鉴于今年的地球热效应,秋老虎肆虐,在秋分后二 十天内分盆也是情理之中了.
一.科学分盆.分盆的好坏直接关系到兰蕙的成活和生长,不可掉以轻心.在分盆前五至七天应施一次离母肥,以 利分盆后的兰蕙元气充足,加快恢复生长.分盆时 的盆内要稍干一些,以防伤至新根和兰芽.花苞.在操作过程中切忌生拉硬拽,需用手掌轻敲盆壁两侧,以便盆泥 (兰石)脱壳.
二. 清理消毒.兰蕙下盆以后,慢慢抖掉兰根周围的植料;用消过毒的兰剪清理残根败叶;将兰蕙分成三到五苗一丛; 在自来水中冲洗干净.放于1:800倍的多菌灵或甲基托布津等消毒液里浸泡半小时.在清水中漂洗一下.放于 阴凉通风处凉干一至两小时,待兰根微白后,把木炭灰或硫磺粉涂以兰蕙的切口处,以防感染.
三.上盆技巧.兰于盆中,犹如人住房间,讲究舒适怡兰.根据苗的多少,选择盆具的大小.款式,不应大苗小盆 ,尤忌小苗大盆;直桶盆可将兰蕙放于盆中间,爷代草稍稍靠边为宜,兰根直立进盆;敞口盆要将长兰根转圈于盆 壁,以使兰苗稳住根基.植料放好后轻摇兰盆,使兰根与植料稍有接触度.
四.分后管理.兰蕙分盆后头水什么时候浇最好,历来说法不一.我以为要根据实际情况而定,如植料有些湿度, 那就缓苗三四天,然后再浇头水更有利于兰蕙切口的恢复,免去烂芽的后顾之忧.新栽兰蕙同样不需要喷水,以保 顺利过度.在阴凉通风的环境下需要七到十天的休养生息期,再上兰架转入正常管理.
兰花盆栽分株繁殖方法及管理
分株繁殖为无性繁殖,把成簇的丛兰株,以两代以上的连体为单位,分离另植的最为传统的繁殖方法.具有操作简 单,成活率高,增株快,开花较早,确保品质特性等优点.
一、分株繁殖的条件和时机
分株通常在种植后经过二三年生长,兰株已经长满全盆时进行;也有为提高发芽率,或快速增加繁育品种的数量, 对具有4株以上的连体兰簇进行分株;还有为防止芽变奇株的退化,对仅是一老一新连体子母簇株进 行分株.
兰花分株繁殖,一般一年四季均可进行,但为保证成活率,常在气温为12℃~30℃之间进行.按其生理特征, 最佳时机是在花期结束时.因为此时兰株的营养生长疲顿,不仅新芽没有萌发,而且连芽的生长点也尚未膨大,分 株不易造成误伤.同时,花期已结束,一般不会再有花芽长出,也就不存在因分株而损害花芽问题.另外,通过分 株,还可以促进营养生长的活跃,提高兰株的复壮力和萌芽率.
二、分株繁殖的方法和程序
1、起苗:对于已长满盆的盆兰,脱盆时不可强行将其拔出,否则对兰株损伤太大,或拔断株叶,或断根太多.因 此,应毫不吝惜地将兰盆敲破,取出兰苗.然后抖掉根团中的基质,进行分簇.如果基质板结或粘腻,就只能用水 冲散后再分簇.如果尚未长满盆的盆兰,可用手指扒除盆面基质,用力拍打兰盆周边几下,再用木棒从盆底中孔往 上顶松基质,然后双手握住盆缘,用手指夹住兰株盆,paul smith bag,将兰盆半悬空倒立后加以摇晃,便可倒出兰苗.
兰花的选购常识和栽培技术
冬末春初,花卉市场上常有小贩出售带蕾野生兰花.但是,因为人们选购时不注意兰花植株性状,买回家后往往会 发生花蕾萎蔫或不能正常开放,甚至第二年也不发生花蕾,使养花者大失所望.因此,在花卉市场上选购兰株时, 必须慎重.
小贩出售的兰花,多采自山区,采集时由于追求数量,根系伤断较多,装运时又挤压于篓内,运抵各地后贮存时间 过久,造成根叶多有伤残.所以,选购兰株时要挑选根系完整健壮、叶丛齐全、株形匀称、端正而无黑斑或枯黄者 .每棵叶束有4~5束者较为理想.叶束繁多者容易成活,第二年也极易萌生花蕾.在北方寒冷地区,应注意勿使 根系受冻.
购买来的兰株栽植前需进行相应的处理.首先应将兰株用清水进行清洗,特别是搁置时间较久的兰株的根系有些干 缩的,需先把根须放在水中浸泡一段时间,待根须吸足水分,恢复如初时,再把兰株捞出晾干.把伤根、断根、枯 根、腐根修剪好,然后放人高锰酸钾溶液中消毒,经修整晾干后待栽植.
上盆方法
栽植兰花以泥盆为佳,因为它泄水性和透气性好,而塑料盆、瓷盆、陶盆因盆壁不透气,不利于初栽兰株的成活. 一般选口径20~25厘米的泥盆,可栽种兰株2~3丛.
所用培养土以弱酸性土壤(pH5.5~6.5)为最理想.如质地疏松、排水良好的"兰花泥".也可用塘泥2 份、腐叶土和沙土各l份混合配制而成.
栽植时,先用几片蚌壳或薄瓦片(以凸面朝上)相互交叉重叠盖住盆底部,上覆粗泥粒或炭块,约为 盆深的1/4.将处理好的兰株放于其上,顺势理直根系,再向四周填入兰花泥或腐殖质含量丰富的培养土加至根基部,继续 填充培养土时,需用手将兰株悬提一下,使兰根得以伸直舒展,以利于兰株成活.待培养土加至盆沿2厘米左右时 ,再轻轻墩几下兰盆,使兰根与盆土密切结合,同时也使盆土的盆面平整.这时再在盆土的表面盖上一层白石子或 铺种翠云草,既美观,又可保持盆土表层湿润,还可防止浇水冲刷盆内的泥土.
栽植后的管理
兰株上好盆后,应及时浇一次透水,以细口水壶低贴泥面,盆底孔见水为止.浇水时尽量避免喷湿叶丛,否则在缓 苗养护期间,叶面极易发生黑斑,从而引起霉烂.也可采用盆底渗水法使盆土湿透后置于阴凉处缓苗.待7~10 天后,兰株已基本恢复生机,再逐渐把盆花移至向阳的窗口,室温在5℃以上,保持盆土湿润,施1~2次稀薄液 肥(兰花专用复合肥).通过一段时间的养护管理,有些兰株就会现蕾开花.花蕾破苞、花萼露色,或绽蕊舒瓣时 ,切忌阳光直射,否则,花色泛黄,瓣缘易受灼伤,花开不挺.一般待花盛放10天,应将花朵连花葶 一起剪除.
随着天气的回暖,不久在兰株鞘叶又抽出新芽.春天气温转暖,气温达15℃时,即可将开过花的春兰和没有花蕾 的蕙兰、寒兰等移放户外疏阴下栽培,而建兰和报岁兰却应推迟出室.
栽培兰花选择基质的技术
基质的选择对于栽培兰花是十分重要的.由于大多数兰花都是喜润而畏湿,要求通风通气,因此基质要用能吸水并 通气的材料.其次,兰花也需要养分,基质中要混有有机物和其他能逐渐释放出养分的物质.常用的基质有:水苔 (主要是泥炭藓)、蕨根(主要是紫萁根)、椰壳、树皮、树叶、棕纤维、腐殖质、碎骨、羽毛、木炭、泥炭土、 塘泥球、泥土、煤渣、浮石、沙砾、蛭石、珍珠岩、陶粒、砖块、瓦片等.
栽培者可以根据当地的实际情况和栽培的要求,选择资源丰富、取材容易、价格低廉的材料,以合理搭配.例如, 在北方种植春兰,可以取当地阔叶林下的腐殖土,既透气又有肥分,而且也呈微酸性反应.而在南方则可选用塘泥 、水苔、椰壳、树皮、棕纤维等既排水通气,又有一定肥分且呈微酸性的材料.
栽培兰花的基质大致可分为两大类:块状的基质和非块状的基质.前者如树皮、椰壳、蕨根、木炭、砖块、瓦片、 陶粒、珍珠岩等,应敲碎至直径0.5~2 厘米,最好不留尖锐棱角,以免磨擦伤根;后者如塘泥、土壤、沙粒、泥炭土、腐殖质、羽毛、牛粪干、锯末等, 最好先捣碎,按比例配在一起,加水和匀,晒干后再捣成小块备用.
栽培兰花基质的酸碱度主要指腐殖土和沙壤土,以微酸(pH值5.5~6.5)为宜.过酸的可用石灰中和至微 酸,碱性的基质可用过磷酸钙或硫酸亚铁等混入土中.一般用树叶、草皮等沤制的有基肥带酸性,在北方可用来调 节酸碱度.
基质调制好后,最好进行一下消毒处理.最简单的办法是在高温天气将基质摊在水泥地上,在日光下曝晒5~7天 ,一般可以杀死真菌孢子和虫卵.如果用蒸汽消毒则效果更佳,任何装置均可,只要蒸汽通过1小时就可以达到消 毒的目的.此外,用福尔马林加50倍水喷洒(400毫升/平方米)并密封2周,启封后 10~20天即可使用.
兰花需要的环境条件
兰花和其他植物一样,种类繁多,生长环境各异,很难有一种通用的栽培方法,但也都离不开对水分、养分、温度 、光照的调节.要想养好兰花,应当首先注意以下几个方面:
1、温度
兰花因种类不同对温度的要求是不同的.春兰、蕙兰耐寒力较强,越冬温度6℃左右对其花芽发育有利.如温度超 过12℃,秋季形成的花芽也容易在土面下枯死,或花梗不伸长,开花不正常.建兰、墨兰、寒兰冬季需要较高的 温度,才能安全越冬和正常开花.一般说来,养兰最低极限温度8℃,最高极限温度是 35℃, 18~30℃是兰花最佳养护温度,气温降至8℃时应入室过冬,早春气温达10℃时出室.应设法将兰花放置在 最佳温度的环境里.
2、水分
家庭养兰的最佳空气湿度为60%~70%,盆中基质干了再浇水,一次浇透.但要注意勿使花盆内积水,以免造 成烂根,甚至死亡,所以有"干兰湿菊"之说.气温高或空气湿度低时,可用小喷雾器喷洒叶面及根部,以达到降 温增湿的目的.
3、养分
兰花喜薄肥,施肥时要十分小心,力求不损害根系.施肥太浓或过多使用基肥,都会引起有毒盐分的积累,伤害兰 花根部,引起死亡.因此,应尽量不用基肥,而追施稀释倍数多一些的液肥,宜薄肥勤施,忌浓肥和一次施肥过多 .兰花施肥的季节应从春末开始至秋末结束,亦即集中于生长季.有兰花专用复合肥,以 1: 400~500的比例稀释后即可使用.
4、光照
在自然界,兰花大多生于湿润的谷地疏林下,富含腐殖质的微酸性土壤中,便形成了对此环境的适应性.因此,兰 花喜半阴,喜湿,忌强光.一般冬季应遮光50%~60%,夏季遮光70%~85%,阴天不遮光,室内放置在 略见阳光处即可,避免强光直射.
5、通风
在自然界中,兰花大多生于空气流通的环境中,因此需要疏松通气的栽培基质和空气流通的清洁环境.要养好兰花 需要注意通风,包括根部周围的通风以及兰花植株之间保持距离.兰花周围保持新鲜空气,有利于光合作用和呼吸 作用的进行.通风还可以调节和降低温度以及抑制病虫害的滋生和蔓延等.
如何做好兰花露天越冬
兰花入春以来从休眠中逐渐舒醒恢复生长发育,通过明媚阳光的照射、雨露的润育健康健壮长势喜人.碧绿青秀的 兰叶在风和日丽的微风吹动下迎风起舞,雄健飘逸的兰叶经过夏天强阳光而在植兰主人调节下,身受舒适光照使兰 苗长的坚硬生机盎然,让兰苗度过强阳光而非强阳光季节.然而使兰苗不知不觉地又慢慢地步入秋天,进入秋天, 兰苗就开始孕育花芽了.兰苗孕育花芽后,兰苗一天天逐渐进入休眠期,在秋天里,每度过一个节气15天后,天 气温度逐渐变化,寒冷渐渐来临,节气只要过了立冬小雪踏入冬季,只要是露天栽培种植的兰花,要作好露天兰花 越冬工作!
随着兰花产业的发展,爱兰植养兰者众多,在全国各地露天养兰者不少,但有部分栽培者特别是在边远农村的,受 经济条件的制约,只能采用土办法搭棚(架)给兰花遮阴.按照栽培种植的面积多少,采用的遮阴棚(架)遮阴网 等式不同.最好是选用竖柱式用横担搭棚(架),在棚架面上盖上树枝及帚帚最适宜.盖枝帚时按照所需阳光的百 分比盖放,这种方式虽则多花材料、多花工时,但能持续5~6年换一次.这种棚架的好处是:有树枝帚帚的覆盖 把兰花与空气的直接接触隔绝.尽管打霜天气,霜有多大,兰叶不会受到霜冻.不采用棚(架)如果碰上大明霜, 霜期长达月余,会将兰叶咂焦尖胡叶,更进一步整窝砸死.又再碰上数九寒天雪凝时节,兰花既被霜打又被雪凝冻 凝.那么,兰花的损伤就更大了.兰叶枯焦萎缩,花苞受到冻损,花苞受到冻损后就会十枯而死,出花率就会大大 降低.
二是选用竹邦弧形起棚盖薄膜法:这种方法要淘气一些.选用精竹划成3-4厘米宽的竹片.片长短视兰箱宽窄而定.竹片两端插进兰花箱两边的泥土,再用按兰花箱的长度,用竹片或不太 粗的竹竿放于邦架上用细绳索固定,然后盖上与兰箱等长的薄膜,两边披出的部分以防风吹揭开,留出四方都通空 气的空隙也可用绳固定.这种薄膜棚尽管霜雪凝有多大,兰花就不会受到霜冻.在整个霜雪凝季节,可根据阴雨天 和晴天的比例,泥土的干度可揭开薄膜浇水,又可按照所盖时间的长短可揭膜让兰花露天透透新鲜空气,享受享受 寒天的温暖阳光晒晒太阳.此方式是要复杂花工些,要持耐心态度.一年一次.
为此,选用第二种方式者,应及早将弧形棚架搭好.待有大明霜时要盖薄膜防霜.又待冷冻的数九寒天雪凝降临时 避免手忙脚乱避而不及让兰花受冻!
笔者两种方法都用,厢房平房上面用火砖砌成的三箱兰花是选用竖柱搭棚式,园地头的是选用竹邦弧形搭棚架盖薄 膜法.一进入霜降后的霜天,视其霜情,就给兰花盖上薄膜防冻保温.所以,近年来的兰苗兰叶未受霜凝冻损伤, 兰苗兰叶碧绿青秀长的旺盛,苗壮花色美!
北方地区怎样才能养好兰花
兰花又叫兰草,是我国的特产花卉,也是被公认的我国十大名花之一.兰花多生自南方的山野沟壑,香味清雅,姿 态清秀,一直为古今诗人画家所赞誉.喜爱兰花的人们确实不少.南方养兰,犹如北方养马莲一样简单,因为南方 那潮湿的气候,微酸性的水土,是兰花生长的最好"温床".但北方呢,尤其是华北许多地区,土壤是偏碱的,水 是偏碱的,空气是干燥的,与兰花的原生环境形成强烈的对比.这样的气候和土壤等环境条件,不适宜性喜湿润环 境,宜半阴,要求酸性土壤的兰花生长发育,因此在培育时常易引起生长不良,黄叶烂根,甚至全株死亡.因此人 们从南方带来兰花,要不了多久,就会慢慢由生长不景气直到死亡.有人以为兰花娇气,不好养护,进而放弃养兰 .
北方地区若要养好兰花,应尽量创造适合其生长发育的环境条件,满足兰花生物学特性的要求,才能使其生长开花 良好.具体要做好以下几项工作.
选择好用盆和培养土
一般家庭养兰,盆的选择还是以泥盆为好.如为装饰效果增加美感,可在泥盆外面套个彩釉的瓷盆.盆的大小以兰 根能在盆内完全舒展开为宜.盆土最好用兰花泥.也可自行调制.可用腐叶土或泥炭土6份、沙土3份、饼肥1份 ,或用腐叶土5份、堆肥土3份、粗沙2份混匀配制.上盆方法参见:兰花的选购常识和栽培技术.
浇水要适量
兰花的浇水是一项经常性的工作,也是兰花栽培成功与否的重要环节.兰花的盆土要经常保持湿润,但忌含水量过 多.在栽培中应根据季节的不同和兰花生长阶段的不同决定浇水量.一般从春季开始,随温度的上升,兰花转入旺 盛生长期,应逐渐增加浇水量,每隔l~2 天浇1次水;夏季气温高,又是兰花生长旺期,通常宜于清晨和傍晚各浇一次水,切忌中午浇水.雨季来临,要根 据雨水的多少和盆土的潮湿程度灵活掌握浇水量,切忌盆土积水而引起根系腐烂;秋末,气温开始下降,应逐渐减 少浇水量,每隔2~3天浇1次即可;冬季温度低,大多数兰花进入休眠期,此时要控制浇水,可每隔5~7天浇 1次水,惟冬季开花的墨兰和寒兰浇水量应适当多些.
薄肥要巧施
给兰花施肥要施薄肥,切忌施浓肥,有"清兰花,浊茉莉"之说.一般地说,新栽的兰株,第一年不宜施肥;从第 二年清明以后开始施肥,直到立秋为止.可每月施1~2次充分腐熟的稀薄饼肥水.由于兰花系肉质根,切勿施未 经腐熟的肥料,以免烂根.每次施肥前要控水l~2天,待盆土稍干些再施.施后第二天早晨要浇一次水,以防肥 液中有不洁之物污染根系使兰根受害.施液肥时要注意避免溅污叶片.对于经过几年培养已到花龄的兰株来说,前 期以施氮肥为主,以促进新芽萌发并快速生长;后期以施磷钾肥为主,有利假鳞茎增大,叶宽厚,并为花芽分化提 供足够的养分.具体地讲,每年秋季花芽分化前宜连续施两次以磷钾肥为主的液肥;孕蕾期于晴天傍晚先用清水洗 净叶片,待干后再用小喷雾器把0.2%的磷酸二氢钾溶液喷洒在叶面及叶背,或根施草木灰水.这时的根外施肥 对促进兰花的根、茎、花的发育均有益.花谢以后20天左右再施两次以氮肥为主的液肥或复合化肥,可促进植株 生长.阴雨天勿施肥,冬季休眠期也要停止施肥.
光照要适宜
兰花性喜荫蔽、凉爽环境,忌阳光直射.故北方4~5月上旬上午9时前可适当多见些阳光,5月中旬以后需要遮 荫,此时需放至凉爽通风处培养,尤其夏季遮荫度更要大,切忌烈日暴晒.中国兰花耐阴程度以墨兰最甚,秋兰次 之,而春兰和夏兰则需阳光较多.光照是兰花形成花芽的重要因素,虽然在春、夏、秋三季兰花生长期间都需要适 当遮荫,但常年将兰花放在荫蔽地方不使其接受阳光也会影响花芽分化,导致开花少或不开花.故秋凉以后应让各 种兰花都多晒太阳或放在室内具有明亮散射光处和通风良好的地方;冬季放在南窗附近,接受较多的光照,以增强 其生命力,促进花芽分化.尤其对冬季开花的墨兰、寒兰更应在冬季放室内向阳处,没有光照是开不 好花的.
总之,养兰应做到"春不出,夏不日,秋不干,冬不湿",意思是春忌寒风侵袭,不要移出室外;夏季怕阳光直射 ,应放置在凉爽通风处;秋忌盆土干燥,此时正是兰花孕蕾期,应适当增加浇水量;冬季处于休眠状态,水多易烂 根,以间干间湿为原则.
如何引种野兰花
春末和中秋,野生兰惠的新芽发育成熟,此时气温适中,采集或购买引种易于成活.但有的人缺乏一般常识,很难 移栽成功.引种野生兰应注意以下几点:
一、栽前护养.刚采集或买回的野生兰要及时放置阴凉处解开,避免发热烧坏.若暂时不栽植于盆,可将它铺平放 在地皮上,用湿沙和潮土临时掩埋根部,见干时可适当在叶面上喷水(以兰叶不滴水为限).
二、除杂消毒.修剪掉假鳞茎上的植物、腐烂的空根以及染有病虫害的叶片,用清水洗净,晾干后再用0.2%的 高锰酸钾或"代森锌"、"多菌灵"、"托布津"淋洒全草,待晾干后栽种.
三、盆土配制.盆土以山基土、竹根泥、山红土、山坳灰黑表土为好,也可少量掺一些河沙混合使用.如能经过蒸 气、日光曝晒消毒更好.
四、精心栽培.新入盆的野生兰应先放入室内养护,直到新根长到5~10厘米时才能出室.尤其是冬季和早春要 在室内养护一段时间,这是成活的关键.另外要注意控温、透气、保湿,室温应稍低(3℃~8℃为宜);要适时 喷洒水雾和开窗,保持室内空气新鲜.利用模拟日照,使其得到进行光合作用的能源,以促恢复与生长.每20平 方米的房间可用一盏40W的日光灯和两只3W红色荧光灯每日照射5小时.
五、根外给养.野生兰苗经采集、运输、栽种时修剪,外表上伤痕累累,实质上已是半脱水状态.为促使其恢复生 长,可每周用"磷酸二氢钾"1200~1500倍液稀释加米醋250倍液或每25市斤肥水中加入100~2 00微克B12一支,尿素20克喷雾,在叶面上作根外追肥.及时剪除败叶、捕杀菌虫.待新芽长到5~10厘 米就可视同熟草一样管理.
野生兰引种要点
春末和中秋,野生兰惠的新芽发育成熟,此时气温适中,采集或购买引种易于成活.但有的人缺乏一般常识,很难 移栽成功.引种野生兰应注意以下几点:
一、栽前护养
刚采集或买回的野生兰要及时放置阴凉处解开,避免发热烧坏.若暂时不栽植于盆,可将它铺平放在地皮上,用湿 沙和潮土临时掩埋根部,见干时可适当在叶面上喷水(以兰叶不滴水为限).
二、除杂消毒
修剪掉假鳞茎上的植物、腐烂的空根以及染有病虫害的叶片,用清水洗净,晾干后再用0.2%的高锰酸钾或"代 森锌"、"多菌灵"、"托布津"淋洒全草,待晾干后栽种.
三、盆土配制
盆土以山基土、竹根泥、山红土、山坳灰黑表土为好,也可少量掺一些河沙混合使用.如能经过蒸气、日光曝晒消 毒更好.
四、精心栽培
新入盆的野生兰应先放入室内养护,直到新根长到5~10厘米时才能出室.尤其是冬季和早春要在室内养护一段 时间,这是成活的关键.另外要注意控温、透气、保湿,室温应稍低(3℃~8℃为宜);要适时喷洒水雾和开窗 ,保持室内空气新鲜.利用模拟日照,使其得到进行光合作用的能源,以促恢复与生长.每20平方米的房间可用 一盏40W的日光灯和两只3W红色荧光灯每日照射5小时.
五、根外给养
野生兰苗经采集、运输、栽种时修剪,外表上伤痕累累,实质上已是半脱水状态.为促使其恢复生长,可每周用" 磷酸二氢钾"1200~1500倍液稀释加米醋250倍液或每25市斤肥水中加入100~200微克B12 一支,尿素20克喷雾,在叶面上作根外追肥.及时剪除败叶、捕杀菌虫.待新芽长到5~10厘米就可视同熟草 一样管理.
兰花的春季翻盆方法
中国兰花在盆栽过程中,因近年来的养植技艺的提高,一盆兰花经过四季的发芽、生长,已显得有些拥挤,盆内植 料中的养料几乎消耗殆尽.为了让兰花多发苗、长势更好,春季翻盆十分必要.而今养兰者多数都是以兰养兰,以 生产经营为目的.兰花苗发多了,适当地交流出售一些以收回成本,或再增加一些新的品种充实兰园,则要合理地 多翻盆多分株.翻盆时将兰花的壮苗和老苗分开,有利于分类管理,有利于出售,春季翻盆就是必做 的功课.
2、认真做好翻盆前的准备工作
1)选择好中国兰花栽培的养植材料
中国兰花栽培的常用植料主要有:泥炭土、塘泥、腐植土,竹根泥、草炭土、海浮石、水积石、砖瓦颗粒、人工烧 结小圆颗粒、轻质陶粒、风化石、木炭、珍珠岩、蛇木、树皮、腐木和水苔等.以上植料不要单独使用,要选择几 种植材搭配混用,俗称"三合一"、"四合一"或"五合一".植料的搭配要考虑吸水而不积水,植材要与兰根接 触良好而又有利于通风透气.且最好选择自己用过的植料,如果要换的话,最好只换其中的一两种,以利于兰花适 应,否则将造成损失.所选用的植料都应过豌豆筛,筛上面的用于盆体的下半部,筛下面的再过碎米筛,碎米筛上 的用于盆体的上半部,碎米筛下的不用.准备好的植料都要进行高温或药物消毒 (高温蒸、烘均可,药物可用托布津或高锰酸钾水).
2)选择好中国兰花栽培用兰盆及其处理
可以用作养兰的容器有很多种,养兰人通常采用的养兰容器有:黄泥瓦盆、黑砂瓦盆、紫砂盆、釉盆、瓷盆和塑料 盆等.川西地区多喜欢崇州等地出产的高腰黄泥瓦盆和荥经等地出产的高腰黑砂瓦盆.这两种盆价格合理、且又有 利于兰花生长.在选择时应注意选择盆体孔较大的,以利于盆内通风透气.购新盆后一定要放入水中浸泡退火.而 用旧盆则一定要清洗干净后用药物或高温消毒.可用1/2000的高锰酸钾水溶液浸泡几分钟即可,高温消毒可将盆口盖在炉具口燃烧2分钟即可.高温消毒后也应该在 干净水中浸泡退火后再使用.兰花盆的垫底可选用人工烧制的黄泥瓦有孔圆锥体垫底,也可用塑料网或不锈钢网自 制成圆锥体垫底,高15公分左右.
3)场地的清扫和消毒处理
翻盆时所用的场所和用具应清理干净,再用1/2000的高锰酸钾溶液喷洒消毒、晾干备用.翻盆后兰花进入的兰室、场地等应先清扫干净并进行消毒、以避免 兰花进场后被感染.
3、春季翻盆分株的时间和简单操作方法:
春季翻盆的时间:能调控温度的兰室养兰,翻盆时间应选择在2月份较为合适.西南地区2月上旬可翻四季兰和不 观花的春兰春剑等品种,中下旬再翻展出或观花后的兰花,有利于提早进入生长发芽的较佳时期,促使秋冬苗快速 长成成草,让春芽早发并在暑天前长成成草,也有利于夏芽和秋芽早发多发.而在自然场地养兰春季翻盆的时间选 择在3月份较为合宜.正常年份此段时间翻盆后有利于兰花生长.
翻盆时将兰苗取出后,把盘绕根系拆散理顺,放入水中清洗,然后移放在通风阴凉处,让根部变软后,再进行分株 .分株一定要有目的,如果是观赏型的,每一个单位应在5苗左右,最好是从兰苗基部已形成"马路口"之处分离 ,如果是经济产出型,则要以多发苗的原则来分株.对壮苗可以1苗或2苗分为一个单位,并将老苗分成一苗一个 单位,无根的老苗的假球茎可用水苔包好后再栽,以利保水和发苗出根.分株时务必不要碰伤假球茎基部的幼小叶 芽.如伤口大呈水渍状,可用托布津粉或新鲜的草木灰涂在伤口上,以防止细菌感染发生腐烂现象.同时把其中的 干空假球茎和空根、黑腐根剪去,盘曲过长的老根可在适当处剪断去掉,还应剪去基部的干枯甲壳和 花杆.
分株后的栽培管理:用选好的兰盆,垫上垫底,在上面散放一层如蚕豆大的植料,扶正兰苗,由下而上,由粗到细 逐步加放植料,加黄豆般大的植料时用手轻微压成馒头形.注意假球茎不能深埋.最好使假球茎顶端和叶束基部在 盆口之上.栽好后盆面可铺贴一层薄薄的经洗过的木炭或水苔,再浇定根水,且定根水必须浇透,过10分钟后再 浇 1次,保证根系充分吸收水分.1小时后再用稀释800倍的托布津或多菌灵液喷淋植株及盆内,兰花分株翻盆后 抵抗力较弱,此时整体清洁消毒是积极预防病虫害发生的有力措施.然后移放在通风荫凉处,养护6天后可进入常 规养法.兰室养兰翻盆1天后可进入兰室,10天内注意避强光,白天温度应控制在22℃一 26℃,晚上温度则控制在10℃一14℃左右,以后可照常规管理.
春季兰花管理三则
春季,兰花管理注重润、透、稀、的运用.
春季,兰花管理注重突出"润"字,抓住"透"字,注意"稀"字,仍需"散"字.春不出:注意风 与寒!
盆中材料水分要润湿,但一定要浇透,不可因需润湿就可过度为渍潮,这是大忌!
浇水时不可向苗部浇,忌潮芽,浸泡时,水须低于盆中材料面一至两公分,忌浸芽,这是大忌!
施肥,每次要稀施,但要施足,不可乱施,防止伤苗,更要防止伤芽!一定要回水,防止伤根菌!
阳光需充足,但仍需散,尢其是气候凸现高温时,不可大意!春不出:注意风与寒!春季时地气上升,万物开始唤 醒生长,人们生理上有个谚语:春捂秋不捂.春季要防止风吹,要防止倒春寒!但可在阳光充足下,在无风与微风 时开窗透气.
二则
对兰棚的玻璃实行,太阳出来开,太阳下山关的方法.因为早春天气日夜温差很大,早上太阳一出开窗,好让新鲜 空气和暖风进来,对兰花复苏生长有利.太阳下山关窗可防止晚上寒气伤兰.
花期限时要对兰花进行分类管理:
对头年底上(翻)盆的兰花要施一次肥;
对还没开花的兰花放在一起,还不用管她,但要让她们多见阳光,还要让兰盆保持湿润,让她早日开花.待全部花 开完并上(翻)盆后10天左右开始,每7- 10天施一次肥(肥的浓度可稍微高些,因为此时新根已长成,新草还没出,不会伤根和伤芽的);早春一月一次 ,晚春一月一二次施杀菌药,晚春后一月对兰花全面施一次杀虫药进行杀虫和预防.兰草新陈代谢了,要适时对黄 叶进行修剪.
三则
冬去春回,万象更新,各种植物,动物都江堰市在大地回春之后,在春雷呜支中惊醒,此时,特提醒兰友们,佻对 自己兰中的害虫,如介壳虫,红蜘蛛,小蜗牛等到,不管是否发现病害,在自己兰园的四周,包括兰室中的壁墙、 地面、兰株、兰盆、花架、屋顶等到处都应加杀虫.春分,即阳历三月二十一至二十二日,是各种植物胚芽生育的 最盛时期,兰花的休眠期结束,也正是换盆分植的最好时期.在冷热不调和气温下,把兰房里的日射,温度,通风 等调节至最佳状态.在温室培养的兰株春芽,新芽已是半成株,但在山地培养的春芽已出了水苔,此时正是杀中杀 菌的最侍时机,应提前预防虫害类系列及尚未成熟的幼芽,新芽已是半成株,但在山地培养的春芽已出了水苔,此 时正是杀虫杀菌的最佳时机,应提前预防虫害类系列及尚未成熟的幼芽感染菌病与黑斑病的发生,因此,杀虫草与 杀菌在春季期限间是非常重要的.清明:是阳历四月五日至六日,此时正在梅雨季节中,雨多,寒流侵袭,有冷风 刺骨的情景,兰花在此时先后陆续萌芽出新芽,已开叶的春芽叶茎伸长特快,明天气温上升,有时仍有冷风吹袭, 在忽冷忽热的养兰处所,兰房里湿度较高,浇水,施肥应特别注意,尤其是杀菌,凡经梅雨过的兰株,必须喷雾杀 菌,暂停施肥,以防兰病的发生.

[ming6bai8d]

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cola chicken wings:

practice:
couple of pounds of chicken wings, washed into the rice cooker, Pour a can of Coke and 1 / 3 bowl of soy sauce, cover, press the cook switch, other switch automatically jump just fine.




fried:
with a rice cooker can make genuine fried dumplings Oh, and bought frozen dumplings everywhere you can, like the shiny golden dumplings bit off the bottom drops ~

crisp crunch practice:
rice cooker pot into a little oil, spread your pot. Even laying a layer of frozen dumplings, and pour in the water have not seen half the dumplings, cover, press the cook switch to automatically jump A pair of such switches.

good non-stick inner pot rice cooker performance, and do the fried just use plastic spoon a little push can easily dish, not at the end of a stick pan paste problem is indeed a good way to lazy ha da zero failures. Soy noodles

King:


practice: a 75 grams of dried noodles shrimp, bacon strips appropriate, bean sprouts amount, 2 tablespoons vegetable oil, a little salt, water bowl children poured into the rice cooker will fall into the pot. Press the cooking switch, other switch automatically jump, open the lid into the amount of hot sauce, a conditional Use oyster sauce, stir the noodles mixed evenly scattered.


PS: 1. garnish with preferences for free play, lunch meat, sausage, lean meat, carrots, chives, mushrooms, etc. can be;
2. sprouts compared eat oil, I tried instead of bean sprouts, sliced mushrooms, put 1 tablespoon of oil is enough;
3. soy sauce, some To finally put a start to put soy sauce paste pot easily produce bitter taste.

mung bean dessert:


practice: half a bowl of green beans into the boiling water immersion to the astringency, after a night soak, drain, poured into a stainless steel bowl, pour 4 cm of water did not have green beans around. Pour in the rice cooker bowl of water within the pot, add stainless steel bowl, cover the pot. Press the switch to cook until the switch automatically after the jump, still hot pour the right amount of sugar to taste.


PS: 1. mung bean dip in boiling water first to astringency, green bean soup is said to be able to eat sugar, the body is better;
; 2. Everyone likes different hard and soft palate. If the cooked green beans that flowering is not enough, or not enough soft, then cover and simmer for half an hour to see the flowering will be more beautiful Oh;
3. summer to let cool, green bean sweet soup in the fridge taste Gengshuang, green beans will be more in the pan.

cream of mushroom rice:


practice:
Mega cups of water into a little more than two cups rice cooker inner pot, mushrooms and cut into slices block bacon, add a little salt and a tablespoon of butter, press cook switch, such as switch automatically jump, the hot tap into an egg, cover and simmer for a while, and you're done it!


honey apple:

this method to clean up at home eat the apple is the best.

practice:
2-3 pieces peeled diced apples poured rice cooker pot, add half spoon of sugar (that is, with a large spoon to scoop rice), a tablespoon of vegetable oil , do not add water, cover the cooker lid and press cook switch, other switch automatically jump Jiuhaola.


PS: 1. like cinnamon can add a little cinnamon flavor in, apple and cinnamon flavor, but it with the oh;
2 . This is like a candied apple, like, eat your bowl with a small fridge with a save;
3. can be equipped with toast bread, a cake, do filling, mix yogurt, eat, etc., use plenty.

I like the apple grain after heated in the microwave to eat with bread, bread once more monotonous different sweet taste.



a) of the cola chicken wings

material:
chicken wings, pepper, red pepper, onion, ginger, a can of Coca-Cola

Method:
1 Wash the wings clean, each designated few blows on the wings, add a little soy sauce, salt, ginger and marinate 20-40 minutes.
2 pan put oil, add pepper till 6 into the heat stir the taste.
3 wings and fry until both sides turn golden add.
4 into the cola, enough to cover chicken wings appropriate.
5 cooking stalls to open up to change the insulation Coke file, put dried chilli, salt to taste.
6 from time to time to see the fire, when the sticky cola juice up is complete. Sprinkle with chopped green onion pan when
7 color, so a better look at some food.

Note:
1 pepper Do not put in the beginning, easy to Hu, not very tasty.
2 Coke is generally 8-10 chicken wings with a can of Coke. Do not put too much soy sauce
3.
4 does not cola, then you can take the candy instead.

(b) of the secret garlic ribs

choice of materials: selection of a small row of ribs is preferably relatively thin bones. attention is best not to take that with a large piece of bone and buy when the ribs from the early morning to, or not very good the rest of the.

1, ribs should be a pound or so, the pot can do.

2, plus you need some mushrooms, fresh, about five cents of it. also have a piece of ginger, also need some garlic. seasonings are salt, monosodium glutamate, chicken essence, cinnamon, star anise, etc..

Methods: The ribs allow the seller to buy the time to chop 5-6cm pieces, came back clean. garlic crushed, with broken ribs marinate juice will (or you find it troublesome, you can use garlic powder, sprinkle with soy sauce , only in moderation, monosodium glutamate, ginger mince sprinkled on top, mix well. as before to marinate for an hour and a half to two hours, the ribs onto your rice cooker, the sauce will not come down with a. add a little water , add cinnamon, star anise (you can also buy the kind of stew powder to use, which are full of various flavors, good results, but also convenient.) mushrooms into four pieces into the pot. and start stew from time to time be aware that if water, dry and add water to the ribs have a \you can pan out.
(c) Shuijian Bao

: 1, 37-45 degrees with 100 ml of water, will be half a yeast-opening, into the amount of flour, and into the soft and hard moderate dough, fermented for about 2 hours, then you can prepare the filling.

prime meat and stuffing can be, each devoted to a:
meat: 250g minced meat, a cut pieces of zucchini (carrots, celery, beans, etc. can be, or mixed vegetables), some shrimp, 15 milliliters of olive oil, diced green onion, ginger, salt, monosodium glutamate, pepper powder, a little sesame oil, little water if the vegetables, would also like to add a little water, mix well.

filling factors: the 4 eggs, stir fry, broken up, a chopped zucchini (carrots, celery, beans, etc. can be, or a combination of various vegetables), a little shrimp, 15 ml olive oil (if you put more points when the scrambled eggs of oil, there's no need to put separate), diced green onion, ginger, salt, monosodium glutamate, pepper powder, a little sesame oil and mix well.

2, the dough into six equal parts,莆田外贸, roll into skin, wrap the pie, wake up 15 minutes to put across a certain gap in the wok,莆田学生街, pour about 125 ml hot water, with the \>
(d) rice cooker rice cooker cakes
all the tools to do the cake first appeared, there should be at home, use a spoon to control component can be a

first step: the first napkin the two bowl of water and oil are all clean, the process should not be water on hand.
the egg white protein separation

To sweet, the first salt...
first in the protein solution inside a small amount of salt, a little bit is enough

plus a spoon full of sugar!

started to play with three chopsticks protein. should tilt a little bowl, so chopsticks maximum exposure to protein, fight more with less!

are labeled as such when the bubble to continue to add a spoon full of sugar. continue to fight, to fight, hard fight, can not rest,

has been hit into a rigid foam. is the protein has been stiff, and the bowl upside down, the protein also is not quite down, when the same with the cream can... This is the most critical step, usually fifteen minutes to get.

inside the egg yolk plus 2 tablespoons sugar.

plus 3 tablespoons of flour piled high. plain flour, the gluten, low-gluten flour can be, just can not use high-gluten flour

bowl then add the egg yolks 6 level tablespoons of milk! not too much just 6 tablespoons. there is no milk for children Wang Zi with milk, if you can drink, like orange juice or something.

use chopsticks to stir together all these materials into the gooey, good taste and see?? sure to stir!

use a spoon to lay half of the protein foam dug in, but also with a spoon, keep in mind, we must mixing up and down (not circular motion, but can not use chopsticks, use chopsticks circle will play a gluten flour, so the cake will not rise), with a spoon half of the upper and lower protein and egg yolk and mix well... and then join the other half of the protein, Stir and then spoon up and down!

Finally, to be so ambiguous look like a

rice cooker plugged in, press the cook key, as long as a minute to fly up, pot When feeling a little hot edge to it. called preheating... into a little bit of oil in the bottom of the pot, wipe with a napkin ring, to prevent the cake batter in the bottom of the pot is not quite out.

poured into the rice cooker to make the gooey!!! earthquake on the table a few hands, the inside big bubbles out to the earthquake.

into the rice cooker,莆田安福家园, the press the cook button . less than 2 minutes, they will jump to the state of preservation,外贸网站开发, not with it!

to the top of the rice cooker with a cloth to plug the hole... for boring! 20 minutes later, and then a cooking button, continue to make it boring for 20 minutes. on it. (my rice cooker is small, only 500 watts, the other big sister at home if the rice cooker, it may less time on her own right.)

This is the finished cake. to do their own room with the cake than to buy, to loose some flavor to be rich in a lot of eggs. But the cake room will sell very well, add the baking powder, then will be very fluffy.



flip pineapple cake





Tips:
handle pineapple, in order to maintain the fresh taste of pineapple, can be cut into pieces or block the pineapple on the salt water soak for 30 minutes, then cold water immersion to the salty taste, you can achieve the purpose to allergies.

American muffins

The first is the protein Whisk Thick creamy hit, you can add sugar and a little salt, but lord my recent weight loss, less sugar, it, remember we have to put some fresh lemon juice. I did not buy electric hand mixer, hand played tired death.

hand after all, playing hard is not enough, the next with the electric.

next step is to stir into the egg yolk and corn custard, then put baking soda to fermentation. can hold, so it's not very fluffy muffin, but it is smooth. put a soda is very fluffy, but very dry. I have a little side a little.

then put before the fight protein mixture into rice cooker. cooker first grazed prior to use butter.
rice cooker boring 20 minutes, when opened, by the Hong ah! but like an oven, in fact, a principle that is, and oven The. then use a spoon to a pressure up pressure, the whole way out of a shape.

another boring 10 minutes, pour out, look good while already, through the heat of the butter, golden yellow! like! then other side of the butter, in turn, continue to bake with a rice cooker.

to 15 minutes, you're done! to see, with a dessert of lemon, delicious.


(V ) Hakka salt? chicken

material: a few slices of ginger chicken 2 onions 4
ingredients: salt / oil / chicken several
practice:
first Wash the chicken, dry control water, prepare a few slices of ginger.
such as chicken dry inside and outside the touch after the first oil cast over the chicken, then salt, chicken whole chicken to help spread the salt and chicken caught in the hand, up and down in the whole chicken inside and out add a layer, placed next to the stand! time enough, then you can put more than an hour.
in the clean and poured a thin rice cooker layer of oil into the ginger, put in the marinated chicken on the rice cooker, cover, plug, according to the gates until the rice cooker automatically trip open the lid, use chopsticks to turn over the chicken, then press the gates, the rice cooker automatically trip to OK out.
anti into the onions, boring five minutes.
the bottom of the pot after the chicken plate and serve the oil and salt precipitation chicken sauce poured on top, Although some coke at the bottom of rice cooker, but instead make chicken more fragrant.
this chicken tastes fresh and delicious, not greasy oil

(VI) salt? Shredded Chicken

raw materials: a chicken.

Seasoning: one tablespoon of oil, one tablespoon soy sauce, one tablespoon soy sauce, Salt to taste, a little sugar, a bottle of rice wine.

ingredients: onion section, ginger.

1) First, open chicken cage, hanging light water;

2) Salt to taste, as long as the salt will touch the chicken cage absorbed within the body and the like, take two ginger chicken stuffed into a cage inside the chip, the seasonings and mix thoroughly marinated chicken about 20 minutes;

3) into the chicken fat in a rice cooker, about two spring onion in chicken fat pad on the kind of feet into the pot overturned, will also pour the remaining sauce to the pan;

4) plug-jump system such as rice cookers, thermal insulation? 10 minutes to open the lid of the;

5) and so after about cool friends can Shredded or chopped.

Key Tips Tips:

1, chicken and more flexible wood, if only by half, to choose the side with the sternum, so that when exposed to heat crunch chicken breast, dry taste.

2, to avoid eating chicken skin are greasy, the chicken can be frozen after the tear, peel off the skin on the chicken and let cool to just.

(g) yogurt
Material: stainless steel can be stamped inside the pot 1, rice cooker 1, 2 liters of fresh milk, lactic acid powder 2 grams (the amount by adding the powder to different brands mixed), thick cloth made a

steps:
1. first disinfect all utensils with hot water, then milk into the stainless steel inner pot; and then the fresh pot milk can be heated to 45 �� heat.
2. the lactic acid bacteria in milk powder by adding heat, stirring cover the pot.
3. the thick bottom arranged in the rice cooker.
4. and then put the cloth of stainless steel pot.
5. To prevent the temperature is too high, so the rice cooker lid to open the half, and then plug insulation.
6. to be like 6-10 hours of milk into the pudding can be eaten or placed in the refrigerator.

advantages: have a rice cooker for a family show,安福小区, one can produce 2-4 liters of yogurt.

Disadvantages: more cumbersome procedures, and easy because of the holding temperature is too high and fail, because more than 50 ��, easy to be burnt to death leading viable fermentation failure.

Note:
1. rice cooker do not really need water.
2. plug-in insulation can be, do not press the cooking of the switch.
3. Do not be with the aluminum pan inside the pot, pan, pot because the two materials will be oxidized acids, but not in the other pot temperature concerns.

(h) Pisa

1, and the face, opening a small amount of butter and heat, with an egg and a small amount of self raising flour mixture, then add milk and flour (flour and milk to little by little added), bunched up the dough. Surface should not be too soft, place 20 minutes fermentation.

2, evenly coated in the flat chassis a little olive oil, the dough will be issued after the asthma level chassis in the smoothing from the inside out, as far as possible within the thin outer thick.

3, evenly covered with the dough like the side dishes, such as ham, corn kernels, green beans,库存软件管理系统, carrots, green peppers and more. Topped with tomato sauce, stir in the cake along the brush on a layer of salad oil a century or butter, you can make crisp taste. Brush on the edge of a layer of egg yolk, cooked, then it would have the effect of golden.

4, the bread and butter into the warm rice cooker, the cooking button press, and other eight are ripe and then cut into the cheese and continue to cook to, the whole process of cooking takes 30 minutes.

(IX) garlic shrimp
go to the supermarket to buy prawns, noodles, peanut oil, garlic. These on it.
the chopped garlic, the more pieces the better, and then spread on the plate, paved, more than garlic, at least to cover the bottom plate. The fan in the hot water into the soft, then remove garlic to spread on top, clean the shrimp, put fans on top. Then salt, chicken, a small amount of cooking wine, peanut oil into the dish, peanut oil is slightly more, or not very tasty. But not too much, will be greasy. Ah, if you do not put something, perhaps paving the plate and peanut oil on it, so fans can be stained to oil. If it is looked at first put it down like peanut oil, and probably about it. After completion of the above steps, the plates go into the rice cooker steam, steamed out to eat can be a

(X) Jennifer bone chicken stew mushroom seeds washed
the above items, then black-bone chicken with rice cooker, add water and heat. About 30 minutes later, the water boiling. Continue cooking, pay attention to uncertain time, lift the lid open steam. Salt, ginger slices, lotus seeds, mushrooms Jane. Continue heating for 20 minutes, may be appropriate to add a small amount of water to maintain water level. Period, the body can use chopsticks to flip the chicken to uniform heating. Pan, sprinkle a small amount of diced green onion. Can be used in the heating process a small box at the top of steamed eggs, is also very good. Basically, the first night after eating chicken, then leave a small amount of chicken meat and chicken soup stand, the next morning to do a delicious chicken noodle

(k) ribs
1, braised:
Select a large soft edge row, take the same loose meat, adding the right amount of salted for 10 minutes, rinse, drain into the pan will go look at each piece, two white can. Then will come the big row of pan into the pot, add soy sauce, cooking wine, star anise, ginger, green onions, (I also added the name of the grass can not think of a fruit and spices), you can add appropriate sugar, water, and boil 40 minutes after the fire, and finally you can add chicken. A large row of burned out very tender, tastes great!
2, steamed:
sure to choose the soft side of the big row to cut the thin, making the meat loosely with a knife blade, the amount of salt put on a chip, trickle-down cooking wine, add spring onion, ginger and other personal preferences raw spices, the rice cooker with cooking, rice is also cooked a big row, more easy way.

(l) rice cooker sweet and sour octopus
material:

octopus, sugar, white vinegar, soy sauce, salt, ginger, garlic, green onion

practice:

* cutlass clean and cut into sections dealing with (I use section of the supermarket's frozen octopus because not buy fresh), the cast amount of salt for 10 minutes;

* pot to about one centimeter thick oil, oil heat, octopus pot, fry until both sides golden (in the bottom section of paved octopus, fried to a switch jump, flip, fry, with the former method. then add enough oil. It was a weary process ~ fried things too slow cookers);

* Jianhao octopus segment transfer to a plate with a flat shovel spare spoon, pot, heat remaining oil to continue to the next green onion, ginger, garlic until fragrant, then the next paragraph octopus, adding just have not seen octopus water, then into the amount of soy sauce (soy sauce is best) stew burned;

* to be received soon dry soup sugar, white vinegar, then simmer a few minutes off.
PS likes to thicken friends can add fresh flavor.

(m) the practice of rice cooker Pork

materials: pork, fennel, ginger, onion, sugar

practice:

1 , pork block into boiling water boiled, shredded ginger.
2, Guo Lifang a little oil, saute ginger first, into the pork, fried, fried the fat in the oil until the meat until the surface a little coke.
3, pour wine, fry a few, into the rice cooker.
4, into the water, overshadowed by the amount of meat, pour soy sauce, some salt under the salty, onion tied together into the pot, press the cook key, wait until consume most of the water, put into the rock sugar, and then continue to cook, when the soup's few remaining time, you can pan, this time a lot of oil found in bottom of the pot, while the meat itself is not greasy fat on it!