Management have to comprehend the portion of the k

【】 【Butterfly Effect, the phenomenon of the frog crocodile laws】 【】
catfish effect
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herding
【】 【
hedgehog rules Law】 【watch the broken windows theory】 【

】 【twenty-eight Law
】 【Barrel Theory Matthew】 【
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01 - The Butterfly Effect: The Butterfly Effect
butterfly effect: the 70s of last century, an American meteorologist named Lorenz system theory in the interpretation of the atmosphere, said that a butterfly wings of the Amazon rainforest Occasionally, vibration, and maybe two weeks can cause a tornado in Texas.
the butterfly effect is that the very small changes in initial conditions continued to amplify after its future status will cause a very great difference. Some small things can be confusing, and some small things, such as amplified by the system, then an organization, a nation is very important to not confused.
Management Implications
today's business, its fate is also subject to the Consumers increasingly believe that feeling, so the mark consumption, shopping environment, the attitude of ... ... the value of these intangible factors will be their choice. So as long as a little attention, we can easily see that some management practices, sound minds in their companies will appear in this sentence:


100 customers, the only one not satisfied, so you can be pride, said only 1% of the failure, but for the customers, he gets 100% is not satisfied. p>


today, enabling enterprises to change the fate of the Bus rivalry, the emergence of news, business sit and worry-free growing latent of micro-monopoly and open competition so that enterprises must consider all latent factors that affect development.


streamlining, officials laid off, the abolition of welfare housing and other measures to give scale up people away from the traditional security, is followed to decide on their own fate. The combination of organizational and individual emancipation is the result: Who can capture the good life
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02 - Frog phenomenon
frog phenomenon: a frog into hot water directly into the jug,Women ought no make men cry, because of its meager The reaction is very emotional, it will quickly bound out the pot outdoor. If you put a frog into a pot of chilly water and slowly heated, the frog will not instantly jump out of the pot, the water temperature gradually increased the ultimate result is to be boiled frog died because the water temperature so high that the frog can not stand, it has been also late, or there is no competence to jump out the pot outdoor.
frog phenomenon tells us that a number of mutation events, they often cause people to alert, and prone to cause deadly it is in the feel-good circumstances, the gradual deterioration of the substantial situation, there is no clear detection.

Inspiration:

revelation is this: the survival of our organization and the main threat to society, not from sudden events but can not be detected by the slow process of gradual formation. It short-sighted, only to see local, but can not see the huge picture, for the sudden change, you can calmly face, silence place for a big change, but can not discover, and ultimately will bring us even more serious harm! ~

The second revelation is: frog, as if all alive things in our lives, we must look to the future, sedulous in thinking of new problems, eager to learn new knowledge, can not be too Today, there are wine, today's drunk


detection of the 3 is: today's society is a perception blast, the ever-changing, wisdom also need to often update, so we should not blindly obsessed with the status quo, complacent, idle so go on, will naturally be eliminated at all timess, there will be faced with the risk of unemployment!


revelation of the four is: We do not simply, only the face of sudden peril, to the neglect of that tiny tiny slow and dangerous, because that mini slow and small risk, is the most horrible!

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03 - Crocodile crocodile
law rule: its intent is to suppose that a crocodile bite your feet, if you hand to venture to crash free of your foot, while crocodile will bite your feet and hands. The more you skirmish, the more to be bitten. In the accident crocodile bite your feet, your only way is to martyrdom one foot.
example, in the stock market, crocodiles rule is: when you find yourself trading in the direction away from the market, must immediately stop, without any delay and shall not have any fortune.
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antecedent, sardines, low survival rate during transmission. After it was found that, if put a catfish in the sardines, the situation is somewhat enhanced, the survival rate will be greatly improved. This is why it?
Had catfish in to a strange environment, will be the small fish found in more than a This problem is solved hypoxia sardines, and sardines, will not die.

When an organization working to achieve a more settled state, often manner lower employee motivation, Harmony, An organization, if there is always a
It is manifested in two aspects, one enterprise to continue to add new blood to bring those vibrant, quick thinking, a new compel of young and even the presentation of workforce management, to those complacent, lazy staff and bureaucratic conformist competitive pressure to raise The second is to continue to introduce new technologies, new processes, new equipment, new management notions, so as to qualify enterprises to fighting the tide waves in the market, enhance survivability and malleability.
catfish effect on the application, there are catfish in effect in the application of human resource management, leadership activities in the application, specifically including the establishment of a competitive machinery, capable of enabling leadership style change and so on. But I think that catfish effect analysis and application of distant more than this. Different perspective of thinking, ascertain and solve the problem is different.
First, if the representative body catfish leader.
leaders inspire others to complete the mission that the individual or collective, in the flat box of sardines, sardines, a symbol of a group of highly homogeneous group, similar to their level of capabilities, lack of innovation and initiative, overstaffing, inefficiency, and the whole organization is a bloated state, and leader of the arrival of catfish (or catfish evolved among the sardines), new broom sweeps clean, penalty, standardize system, transformation process, the rational allocation of posts and human, financial, matter, and gradually the business organization has been improvement, cut back on costs, simplify the bloated body, incapable of sardines to be eaten, pedaled away, a capacity of Sardines are a positive incentive, such a thriving scene showing the entire organization, a leader in the catfish under the leadership of the vitality of the plenary organization are mobilized, so that the collective power of more powerful, dominate the market, maintain market only a solid foundation.


From this perspective, catfish leaders should have the following characteristics:


1 - perform decisively, resolutely: rapid observation of diseases where the stagnant union and be proficient to mow the Gordian knit, speedily and effectively solve the problem.


2 - their words, the strong style of work: technological decision-making and to oversee the implementation of decision-making, timely assessment of the effectiveness of policies.


3 - promoting innovative, results-oriented: to promote innovation, build one atmosphere that encourages innovation, from affair processes, job design, staff recruitment and delivery, appraisal and other appearances of amends devise and reflects the innovative thinking, embodied benefits of innovation.


4 - need for completion, forward-looking vision: a short-and long-term evolution plans and objectives, can predict the instruction of organizational development and people resources and the future of the existing gap, which can effectively nail future aptitude, cut out of drag is not appropriate for development of the organization personnel.


5 - System Perspective, defiance to change: the ability to scrutinize the inside and outside the organization system from the system changes in the structure and feature, we should not only regard themselves as part of the organization (as disapproved to the fisher, catfish leaders themselves are sardines, fishermen are the leaders), and should see itself as a leader in small systems, can bring the staff to open the situation, break the routine, making good benefits.


for leadership in the leadership struggle for the common goal of worker groups, if there are catfish characteristics of the leader, then the way to survive is to exercise attach, activate their own energy, and catfish at fewest to synchronous speed, and to ensure the same direction (business goals), so as not to be eaten catfish to arrest up, or pushed by other sardines final choked.


Second, if the catfish on behalf of a member of the team.
then it means that new, strange, different, including different views, different behaviors, different habits, because different, will influence wisdom, a group needs different personalities, different skills, people with different work experience to join, and if the staff are uniformly, then the team produce imaginative, the potentiality of producing high performance is minimal. In the focus on team building, communication to the team today, appropriate to attract catfish to add the team, will give the team a active working atmosphere, bringing innovation and bring win-win. However, the number of catfish should be controlled, all catfish, then the whole team will be exist, the whole team to foul, so some Japanese companies believe in fact. From this perspective, the team should focus on healthy catfish molecular communication, influence the fashion, the other employees deal with the team in the catfish, it should work on the basis of their cooperation.


Again, whether catfish content of the work on behalf of people in high spirits.
immediately in many companies, organizational framework and job design is still a subject of a major transformation process, unreasonable, boring, no prospects, humdrum boring job content so that people feel like a bucket of sardines thronged As there is no passion, do not want to post more, think more in promotions, which slowly formed a collective inertia. If the job enlargement, enrichment catfish effect applied to job design (Jobdesigning), and that the organization's financial contribution is manifest. How restless, passionate work of catfish into the pool of stagnant water in it? This is a tough learning, it was debated from the horizontal and perpendicular expansion of the coverage of work, deepening the work content, for employees to experience the wealth of work activities, work experience achievements, so that they reflect the face of challenging and exciting nature of work excitement and lust; was advocated increased use of staff circulation in the way of talent, so that they work more delight catfish swim; I maintain that the application of these fathom in the meantime also pay care to the character of people and job matching, catfish will to do asset catfish, sardines, sardines asset to do, post in the work only to have the content of catfish also work with the content of sardine, the most important thing is to find staff preferences, see at those work can allow them to generate power and passion catfish, and only afterward the match, catfish effects can melodrama its role, or catfish, although work is set, only to discover that the work of the staff can not be moved, fighting for, then this catfish has convert a dead fish.


From this viewpoint, the work on behalf of catfish in the rich content of the work, it is full of eagerness Zequan Li, challenging job expectations, fresh experience of the other posts and so on. For leaders and human resource directors, whether at work setting catfish work, what level to set in work catfish, will be an organization's tactics.


summary, from a different point of view, the representative of the content of catfish are different, for a practitioner, leadership may be the catfish, then your best efforts to maintain the same direction and organization Do not swim back, otherwise there is danger of being eaten, always full of passion to the upstream and perhaps one day you become a catfish, a group of sardines to catch up the struggle; your colleagues may be catfish , then, and his Competition Competition to see who is surging energy greater; your catfish may also be lower, then the incentive to grow under the same time, do not forget to give yourself enrich my knowledge, maintain a strong development momentum, or you There is also the risk of being eaten by subordinates; your work may also have catfish, it is reasonable arrangements for their own work, prioritize, work catfish swim to the more joy, it is best to stir up work on the floor of a fold.
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05 - Herding: The Effect of Sheep Flock
Herding: sheep where to go, followed by sheep to follow where to go.
herding stock investment was first a term mainly refers to the investors in the transaction process in learning and sham phenomenon, the same stock.

herding theory (The Effect of Sheep Flock)
placed horizontally in front of a mallet in a flock of sheep, the first sheep jumped in the elapse, in the second, the third will follow the jump; time , the withdrawal of the stick, backward the sheep, walked here, and still the same as the sheep in front of upward jump, antagonism the roadblocks of the mallet no longer exist, this is called . Refers to the management of some enterprises in the market behavior of a common phenomenon. It is due to insufficient information and lack of understanding of the market difficult for investors to make reasonable uncertainty about the future expectations, often by observing the behavior of people around the extraction of message, the perennial transmission of this information, Many people will be roughly the same information and mutually reinforcing, resulting in herding.


herd behavior in the field of behavioral finance is more typical of a phenomenon, the mainstream of fiscal theory can not explain. Economics often use Sheep is a very spread organization, ordinarily with the left and right is blind kick, but once there was a sheep to shake, the other will without hesitation herd sheep, completely ignoring the wolf or near the front may have at a better grass. Therefore, the


the emergence of herding in general a very competitive manufacture, but also the industry has a leader (leader) occupies the main focus, then the entire flock will be copied by the leader's every move, the leader where to go
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06 - hedgehog hedgehog
law rule: two somnolent hedgehog, as cold and owned together. May be because their body is long with spines, so they left some distance, but can not stand the cold, then get together. After a frustrating, two hedgehogs has finally found a suitable distance: both with each other to obtain the other's lukewarm and was not subject to bar.
hedgehog rules apply

hedgehog law primarily refers to interpersonal relationships in the
French President Charles de Gaulle is a very human who ambition use the hedgehog rules. He had a motto: This is likewise profoundly affected him and consultants, think tanks and their narratives staff. In his ten years of presidential annuals, he's the Secretariat, General Office and the General Staff and additional private consultants and calculate tanks, no one's going annuals apt more than two years. His newly named king of staff forever say: requirements. This provision is based on two reasons: First, in his outlook, mobility is customary, when the fixation is no normal. This is subject apt the shock of military practice, since the army is moving, not all nailed in one area crews. Second, he did not want This indicates that de Gaulle is a important decision on their own analytic and to live the leader, he does not permit the people nigh me never leave. Only to organize in array to nourish a decisive distance, and merely maintain a decisive distance in order to ensure consultants and staff with fresh thinking and decision and full of vitality, it can eradicate the age course of time their use of consultants and staff on behalf of the President and the Government dishonesty.


Charles de Gaulle's reach is thought-provoking and admiration. There is no sense of distance, leadership policy-making over-reliance on the Secretary or a few people, cozy to make interference in servant affairs think tank personnel, and thus make the appoint of these people under the guise of leadership, questing selfish interests, and finally pulled into the water leading cadres, the consequences are very hazardous. Comparing the two, or better to maintain a certain distance.


GE


sometime chancellor of General Electric Company, Stone note in their work very personally hedgehog theory, principally in the dispose of middle and senior management is more the case. And treatment in the workplace issues, Stone never mean the concern of executives, but in their baby boom, he never asked for a visitor family manager, never accepted their invitation. It is this distance to maintain an appropriate management of the business to make common Zhimakaihua steadily high. And employees to maintain a certain distance, not make you high above, it will make you and the staff were perplexed identity. This is one of the best managed state. Maintained by a certain distance to maintain the principle, this principle of equal treatment for all: both leaders bound themselves, but can be bound by employees. Grasp this principle, it mastered the secluded of successful management.


Means that regardless of any way to murder the fox to hedgehog, hedgehog just shrink up, the fox desperate. As long as this portrayal of an undertaking to find a simple and effective model of development, regardless of any change in the market and opponents, can lightly deal with, access to rapid growth.
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07 - Watch Law: Watch Law
watch Law: Law is when a person watches have a table, you can know What time is it, and when he has two not being able to determine. Two tables and can not tell a person more accurate time, so they will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time.
see law in business management gives us a very intuitive inspiration, is the same person alternatively an organization can not be secondhand with two different usages, can not set two different goals, and even each individual can not be two people to simultaneously directive, or will the business alternatively private loss.

】 【fable

the anecdote of the monkey and the chart


a team of monkeys live in the woods, when the sun mushrooms every daytime they go out foraging at sunset when the back recess, My life was blunt and happy.


a tourist through the forest, to watch a tree fall on the rocks by monkeys in the Smart Meng may


do the Monkey King, Hard work pays off,


but the When a subordinate to ask the time, After some time, the monkeys were appalled, the But soon, the new Monkey King is also facing


This is the famous More people watch and can not tell time more accurately, but will watch the people lose confidence in exact time.


inspired】 【Law

watch Law gives us a very intuitive inspiration:


for any one thing can not be also set two different goals, otherwise it will make a loss; for a person can not choose between two different amounts, or his behavior in muddle.


a person can not by two or more people to the command,Women's Minnetonka Ankle, otherwise the person will know what to do; for a business, is not in the meantime using two different methods of management, or will this business can not grow.


in this regard with the Time Warner AOL combination is a typical failure case. USA Online is a juvenile Internet company, corporate culture punctuated operational flexibility, rapid decision-making, rapid to seize the mall necessitate that all the objectives for the service. Time Warner to construct long-term process of development emphasizes the integrity of the channel and innovative corporate mores.


two companies after the merger, corporate senior management and is not a good solution to the conflict of two values, resulting in staff completely confuse the direction of future development of enterprises. Finally, Time Warner and AOL century wedding finished in failure. It also indicates that, to diagram out the time, a peregrination time table accurate enough.


select only you think is right


two tables and can not tell a person a more accurate time, but people will watch the exact time to lose confidence. You have to do is to select the more authentic one, try to calibrate it and use it as your standard, follow its guidelines.


Nietzsche's famous saying: However, many people are distressed, they were


there are people under the pressure of the environment or other people, against his own choice did not like the road, and therefore depressed life. Even if made the subject of attention of the achievements, but also never felt the joy of success.


life inspiration

in real life,Development of TD, you mentioned Do no take asset patriotic, we constantly meet a alike situation. Elective courses such as the two are you are interested in, but teaching time coincidence, and you do not have ample vigor to learn different two courses, this time it is hard to select. In the face of two equally nice, equally enamored of your boys, you will certainly upset a long time, I do not know how to do a decision.


career, the place, no clear medalist in the two treatment units, you will go from here? Every crossroads in life, we must face the


choice in the face of conflicts, we suggest using The so-called


Psychological research shows that Maybe you can not narrate a explicit reason, but through psychological senseless, under normal circumstances can make the best decision to meet the needs of individual psychology. Here that the subconscious, in truth, we often say the first impression.


kernel philosophy: more choices, more standards will make people disturbed.


Application Tips: clear goals, without interference; know how to choose, the place is put.


application areas: social life and business.
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08 - Broken Window Theory: Break Pane Law
broken window theory: a house if the windows broke, no one patch,Reprinted Twitter Why alternate apt move reform, separated soon, other windows will be broken somehow; a wall, if the graffiti is not some cleaned, and soon, the wall covered with a mess on, unsightly thing; a very clean place People taking out the trash apologetic, but once litter on the ground appears, people will not hesitate to discard, did not feel ashamed.
Broken Windows Theory 1

also called as the target of commentary and amounted up, saw the famous treatise The Hazlitt said that if a baby broke the window, people will inevitably lead to replacement of broken skylight glass, which would make the installation of cup and cup product people began to promote social employment.


here, savants to illustrate the children's behavior and the behavior of the government could have consequences, accordingly entirely negating the Keynesian policy of administration intervention. The loosen of this misbelief in the overflow, put the earthquakes, put the in the war, it seems very appropriate.



Broken Windows Theory 2


also called the broken window effect (Break Pane Law)


a window was broken, if necessary repaired, will lead to More windows were broken, and even the whole erection to be demolished.
by the American political scientist and criminologist Karen Wilson observation summary of the
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09 - twenty-eight Law: Pareto principle
twenty-eight law (Pareto's law): the late 19th early 20th century Italy economist Pareto that in any group of things, the most important and only a small portion, about 20%, although the majority of the remaining 80%, but it is secondary. About 80% of social wealth is condensed in the hands of 20%, while 80% of people with only 20% of the social wealth. This statistical imbalance in the social, economy and life everywhere, this is the twenty-eight law.
twenty-eight rules tell us, do not mean to diagnose, process and look at the problem, business and management to seize the vital few; to identify those who can provide a 80% profit, but only 20% of aggregate key customers, to enhance its services to attain a multiplier effect; business leaders to work seriously on the assortment analysis, it is required to solve the cardinal exertion on key issues, converge on major projects.
20% ------------------ 80% of people who successfully unsuccessful
20% of people make money with a nape over ------- -80% of the neck of people make money
20% -------------- 80% of positive thinking, negate thinking
20% of people who purchase time ---- ------------ 80% of people selling time
20% of people looking for a good employee ---------- 80% of people find a good job
20% -------------- 80% of people dominated by people who dominated
20% of the people to do business ------------- --- 80% of people do things
20% of people value experience -------------- 80% of people together importance to education
20% of people believe that movements have results ------ 80% of people think that knowledge is power
20% of people how to do it I ------ 80% of the money I want money I have on how to do
20 % of people love to provide 80% of people ---------------- love shopping
20% of people have goals -------------- - 80% of people love Xia Xiang
20% of people searching for answers in the question -------- 80% of the people in answer to find the problem
20% of people in long-term perspective - ---------- 80% of the immediate
20% of people the opportunity -------------- 80% of people missed the chance
20% -------------- people plan for the future 80% of people only think of the morn act
20% today, along to the successful experience of the person to act -------- 80% people according to their own hopes
20% of the people to do simple things ---------- 80% of people do not want to do simple things
20% of people morrow, things to do today ------ 80% of people do today, morrow, who do
20% 80% ------------ How can the people do not do
20 % of people taking memoranda ---------------- Forgetfulness is a good 80% of the people who
20% of people affected by the success of 80% -------- people affected by the failure of people who state
20% -------------- 80% good bad attitude
20% of people believe they will succeed - ------------- 80% of the people do not want to change the environment
20% of people will never applause, encourage -------------- 80% never abusive, criticizing
20% of people will insist -------------- 80% of people would give up
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10 - Barrel Theory: Buckets effect
bucket theory: the makeup of the board if the length of the missing barrels, then the bucket of water is not determined Sheng was the longest piece of wood, but on the shortest piece of the wood.
tub effect is favor a tub full of water, the same have to be flush with each board and no mar, if not in a wooden barrel or a piece of wood missing plate below the cavity, this barrel can not be fraught with water. Is that a bucket can be How much water does not rely on the longest chip of wood, but on the shortest piece of wood. Also known as short-board effect. A bucket no matter how high, its water warehouse is highly dependent on where the lowest piece of wood.
rule known as a bucket or short plate theory, buckets short board management theory, the so-called how much does not depend on the maximum piece of wood on the Tongbi, but preferably depends on the shortest piece on the sides of casks. According to this core content, Second, at a time the bucket, there are a sufficient altitude, a bucket of water can not be full.
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11 - Matthew: Matthew Effect
Matthew: entire be taken from him.
Matthew, referring to the mighty stronger and the feeble weaker phenomenon, widely used in social psychology, training, finance, and science and other fields. Its name comes from the Bible
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1, bird cage hanging a beautiful Logic
trap in the apartment where the most prominent, a few days, the owner will make one of the retinue two options: throw away the cage, or buy back on a bird cage. This is the cage logic. The process is simple, imagine you are the landlord of the room, by the time people entered the room and saw the cage, they can not help but query you: kept a bird. Cage logical reason is simple: most of the time people are taking the inertia of thinking. It can be seen in the life and work develop rational thinking how important it is.

2, the broken windows effect
psychology there is a phenomenon called the will somehow be broken; a walls, if only cleansed some graffiti, and soon, the wall covered with a muff on, unsightly entities. A very neat place, people would be perplexed catching out the litter, but once litter on the ground appears, people will not hesitate, and did not feel ashamed. It was very strange phenomenon.
psychologists is the wrong in the end.
anything bad, if I were you stop off at the opening, the formation of culture, change can get rid of, as if the creek bank, a small gap is not timely mend, dams can breakdown, causing the loss of millions of times.
muddle is actually the result of crime, New York City in the 80's when the rush is really everywhere, every day not to annihilate, in wide daylight to be scared of wading in the avenue. Not to mention the subway, motorcar polluted, dirty sentence painted everywhere, on the subway, feel insecure. Although I have not been seized, but the professors have been in spacious sunshine, struck a note Sap, blind, from the end of his research profession, so I talk about Tiger color for many years, not single to New York. New York city and the city recently raised a lot of reputation, so I am quite surprised that a city has been sinking, can escape from the dead, and to push.
So when I went out to meet, met a criminologist, one immediately to him for advice, the original New York City is the last book with the broken window effect in terms of theory, first to improve the criminal context in which people is not easy crime-Hyde Budao slowly return to order.
Although this approach was criticized as creature slow, handcuffed in a row standing on the platform, open to the public manifestation of the Government's determination to amend and found very telling.
police found that people do not really compare the situation in the clean and crime, also found that fare evasion grasp rewarding, because each of those 7 had a fee evasion was wanted, there is one in twenty to carry weapons, so Police are willing to grasp fare evasion very seriously, which makes criminals not fare evasion, did not dare go out with weapons to avoid more impair than good, escapes scampers the risk. This New York City, from the smallest, the easiest place to proceed to break the criminal interlock of (chain), so this vicious cycle can not proceed

3, diffusion of responsibility effect
1964 年 3 月 13 日夜 3 时 20 points outside of an dormitory in New York before a man named Juno younger than white women between the work back at the end of the bar assassination of the way home. When she cried out in despair: When anything is silence, the killer returned to perpetrate a crime. When she exclaimed, the neighboring dwellers and the light alternate, the attackers then fled. When she has nought to do that, go back to their home upstairs, the killer anew emerged before her, to kill her on the stairs. In the process, even though she shouted for help, her neighbors, at least 38 to the window to watch, but no one to emancipate her, no one even called the police. This caused a stir in New York society, but also attracted the attention of social psychologists and thinking. It is considered a great number of bystanders neglecting the phenomenon known as diffusion of responsibility effect.
dispersion effect for the formation of responsibility reasons, psychologists have done a lot of experiments and surveys found that: this phenomenon can not just say that all of the callous, or moral decay of the extravaganza increased. In different causes, people's acts of favour there is a difference. When a person in an emergency situation, if necessary he can provide help, he would apparently aware of their responsibilities, provide alms to the victims. If he refused to help produce feelings of crime, feelings of guilt, which requires paying a high psychological price. And if the presence of many people, help the responsibility for seeking help from the people to share, resulting in fragmentation of responsibility, the responsibility of each person to share very few viewers and even that may not even his own sense of a responsibility not to generate A How to break this situation, which is being studied by psychologists is an important heading.

4, Parkinson's law of the famous British historian
North Goode Parkinson through long-term research, write a writing called In his writing, agent personnel explained the reasons for and consequences of inflation: an incompetent officials, there may be three ways, 1st is the applying as resignation, the seat give able people; the second is to make a competent person to facilitate their work; third rendezvous of two levels lower than they were while the assistant. This first direction is indeed Zou Bude, because that would lose many rights; second way can not go, because that would be capable of their competitors; seems that only a third way most fitting. As a outcome, two mediocre acolyte sharing his work, he is high above orders, they will not posture a menace to their rights. Since the inability of two assistants, they vocation the shots, then two more because his inability to detect an assistant. And so on, to fashion a bloated, overstaffed, wrangling with every other, inefficient leading system.

5, halo effect
famous Russian scholastic gigantic Pushkin Zengyin role halo efficacy suffered a large deal. He was fanatically in adore with is phoned Natan Li looks surprising, merely with different outlet sub-Puhi Jin-Zhi. When the time to write verse Pushkin read it to her time. She always covered their ears and said: decease duel, a literary gigantic to fall prematurely. Appears in Pushkin, a pretty matron is leap to have great wisdom and magnificent character, whatsoever, is not the case, a phenomenon understood as the halo effect.
the so-called halo effect, that is, interpersonal communication, people who display the characteristics of a particular aspect, cover the other features, resulting in interpersonal cognitive disorders. In daily life, For instance, some disadvantage of the aged individual young people, or dress, habits and find it unacceptable to think that they necessarily good for nothing; some young people a thing about the admiration of friends, you will see him everywhere lovely, really the so-called Halo effect is a sweeping subjective psychological speculation, the error is: First, it is easy to grasp the individual characteristics and habits of individual push and, just like Mangrenmoxiang as a point on behalf of the surface; the second It is not intrinsically linked to some of the identity or physical characteristics related with the declaration that such features are bound to have other characteristics; Third, it definitely said yeah to all that bad on all the negative, which is a perfect domination by the tendency of subjective bias. In short, the halo effect is the interpersonal relationships in a great psychological impact on people with cognitive impairment, we have contacts to try to avoid and conquer the side effects of halo effect.

6, Hawthorne effect (Hawthorne effect)
an experimenter effect on psychology. 20-30 years of the 20th century, U.S. researchers in the Chicago Western Electric Company Hawthorne factory's working conditions, social factors and the relationship between production efficiency experimenter effect found in experiments, said Hawthorne effect.
the first period of the experiment in November 1924 from the starting of the working conditions and productivity of the relationship among the test group and control group. Increase or control the results regardless of illumination in the experimental group yields are rising, but the same illumination output of the control group also additional. In counting, tests of the wages paid, the coffee break time, the width of everyday and newspaper number of days of work and other elements, can not penetrate these working conditions, there is a direct impact on production efficiency. The second phase of the trial by the U.S. Mayo led by Harvard instructor, focuses on social factors and the relationship between productivity and found that the production efficiency is mainly caused by the experimenter in the spirit of the great changes have taken place. Participate in the trial of the workmen were placed in special laboratory researchers led by their social conditions changed, the concerns from all sides, creating a consciousness of participating, feel that they are an essential part of the corporation, so laborers aspects from the social point of view are motivated to promote the production increase.
This effect tells us that when students or their own interest by the public, or watched, the efficiency of learning and communication will be greatly increased. Therefore, in our daily lives with others learn to obtain according and comprehend what variety of behavior is accepted by students and teachers and appreciation, and we can only live and learn and continually increase their good behavior, it may be more people's attention and appreciation, but also can make our learning progress, full of confidence!

7, learned helplessness learned helplessness effects of experimental
premier Overmyer and West Sigman found afterward in animal and human studies have been widely argued. Simply put, many experiments show that exercised dogs can cross the barriers or agree in other behavior to avert the shock the experimenter added to it. However, if the dogs are not expected before (do not know when to come) and can not be controlled by cordless shock (such as interruption of cordless shock or not does not depend on the dog's behavior), when the dog was the chance to flee electric shock, they have changed was incapable to escape. Moreover, the dogs also showed other defects, such as frustration and depression, depressed motivation and so on.
dog show why this situation is deserving early in the experiment learned a sense of helplessness. That is, they accomplish that no material what their own can not control the termination impact. In each experiment, the shock is terminated under the control of the experimenter, and the dog will be aware of their inability to alteration the external control, to study a sense of helplessness.
person who had learned helplessness to become a deep despair and woe. Therefore, we should study and life in the open their eyes that see the true events behind the decision factors do not make our own despair.

8, the witness's memory
witness, in our understanding of where, usually to provide some objective certify, that his own witness and hear something to talk out truthfully people. However, psychological research shows that the testimony of many witnesses are not very accurate, or that is a private preference, with personal views and awareness.
witness testimony of their confidence and their proof can not make sure the accuracy of the results of this learn is surprising. Mrs fees can be special and psychologist Howard Springs decided to this conclusion more in-depth learn. In order to investigate whether the proof of witness someone special, they will witness memories and the memories of general knowledge were compared.
they make were shown a short movie is about the kidnapping of a girl. The afterward day, to answer some of the subjects in the content of the movie and asked them to tell the degree of confidence in their answer, then do a recognition memory test. Next, use the same method, the content of renowned literature from the encyclopedia and the general knowledge of selected issues.
the same place as ahead, Perot fees can be special and Howard Springs also base that the precision of the witness reminisced, those confident of their questions than those who do not actually have people who do not have confidence greater, but For general knowledge, the situation is not the case, people with tall positiveness in memories of people who score better than the absence of positiveness.
people in the general knowledge about their strengths and disabilities with self-knowledge. Therefore, tend to modify their test results for the confidence scale. General knowledge is a database, is shared between individuals, it has acknowledged the correct answer, the subjects can go measure. For example, people will know thatthe publish of whether in amusements or even about better than others. However, the event witnessed the impact from such self-knowledge. For example, on the whole, they are unlikely to know the event than others, the participants in the memories district hair color better or worse.

9, Rosenthal Rosenthal effect
American psychologist, who in 1968 conducted a famous experiment. Them to a basic referendum in the three sixth grade classes of the kid making a fuss of the In fact, this menu is not resolute according to test results, but randomly selected. It is based on 8 months later, another intelligence test results showed that, the account of general improvement in student achievement, teachers also gave their good conduct reviews. This experiment has achieved miraculous results, It is considered by teachers to students the subtle psychological effects, so that teachers expect students to achieve the progress of the phenomenon, known as the Pygmalion (Pygmalion of Cyprus in Greek mythology, the potentate, he produced a sculpture of a girl he loved his desire to eventually make this into a real statue, the two fall in love with.)
educational practice also shows that: if a teacher like some of the students, they will have high expectations, after a duration of time, students feel the teachers care, love and encouragement; often positive attitude towards teachers, towards learning and towards own behavior, students more self-esteem, confidence, self-love, self-induce a positive passion, these students often expect teachers to obtain progress. In contrast, teachers who are ignored, discriminated against students from the teacher's speech over time, means, facial statements of teachers felt the requirements; these students often worse day by day, and finally reduced to the bad factors of society. Despite some exceptions, but the trend is that, while it also sounded the bell for teachers.

10, false share deviation (false accordance bias)
We usually believe that our love is the same with most people. If you like playing microcomputer games, then it may overestimate the number of people like computer games. You will usually overestimate the students to ballot on their favorite numbers, overestimate their own prestige in the population and leadership and so on. This overestimation of your behaviors and outlooks you have the same tendency of the number of functions is called Some factors that may affect your share of this disloyal discrimination strength:
(1) When an external attribution was stronger than the interior attribution;
(2) new behavior or events when a person is very important;
(3) When you are very sure of their point of view, or believe that the time;
(4) When your status just aboutme kind of normal life and learning be intimidated;
(5) When it comes to a affirmative When the quality or character;
(6) When you and other people as when they are similar.