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Old 06-22-2011, 02:40 PM   #1
chantal170
 
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Default chaussure pas cher 金融英语阅 ralph lauren pas che

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金融英语阅读:金融世界第八讲a
在上一讲中我们跟您谈了生产和经济活动中的效率,也就是efficiency,包括:
1 productive efficiency 生产效率2 allocative efficiency 配置效率3 dynamic efficiency 动态效率4 interchange efficiency 交换效率
今天我们要谈的话题是 competition - 竞争。
要获得所有形式的效率,必须要有完全竞争,也就是 faultless competition。而完全竞争需要有两个先决条件:
1 有大量生产者各生产产品的一小部分。
2 产品必须完全一致,chaussure pas cher,使消费者不会对任何一个生产者的产品有任何特别的选择或偏爱。
这两个条件二者缺一就不是完全竞争。因此实际上在真实的市场当中所谓的“完全竞争”并不存在,它只是一种假 设的理论。因为每个生产者的产品不可能完全一致,消费者也一定会在购买时作出比较和选择。
现实生活中的竞争是可行竞争,英文是 workable rivalry,也叫做不完全竞争,英文是 defective championship。
现在我们再听一遍这几个英文词汇:
1 competition 竞争2 perfect competition 完全竞争3 workable competition alternatively imperfect competition 可行竞争或不完全竞争
澳大利亚消费事务与竞争委员会主席费尔斯对竞争的作用做了这样的解释:
The alternative to competition namely monopoly, where there's a single supplier of a good or a service and that person konwing there's not competition has the opportunity to place up prices. There's no large pressure on them to keep their costs down and to be efficient.
So it's that combative pressure that tends to attain markets react to what consumers want, to offer the best deals, and also to be technically advanced, to innovate beneath the oppression of competition.
费尔斯在谈话中用了这样一个词汇:monopoly - 垄 断。
费尔斯说,与竞争相对的是垄断。当某种商品或服务只由唯一的供应商提供给市场时,供应商知道没有竞争,就有 可能提高价格。对他们来说没有太大的压力要他们降低成本提高效率。
因此是竞争的压力使市场对消费者的需求作出回应,提供物美价廉的商品,同时也促进技术上的进步,在竞争的压 力下进行革新。
下面我们再听一遍费尔斯这段讲话的原文。(略)
竞争对整个社会和消费者个人都有益处。通常竞争不仅仅意味着更低的价格和更好的服务,ralph lauren pas cher,而且也意味着顾客可以有更多的选择。
费尔斯接着对竞争的功能做了进一步的解释:
You haw get consumers who ambition very lofty calibre services mitigated, yet by a higher cost. And the human who absence no-frills assist and inexpensive production will also get it by the additional modify of the mall. So competition allows a scope of variety to occur in a mall.
费尔斯说,有些顾客愿意付出较高的价格来获得高品质的商品或服务。另一方面,lunettes soleil,有人需要的是基本的服务和便宜的商品。他们的需求在市场上也能得到满足。因此竞争使市场的供 应多种多样。
The benefit to gild of competition is that it makes a important contribution to the fundamental economic issue, which is the scarcity of productive resources. It method that on the making side, there is maximum pressure to confiture the use of those scarce productive resources.
On the claim side it likewise allowances consumer demand appropriately, and it too tends to average that the diversity of consumer needs can be met.
费尔斯接着说,竞争对社会的益处在于它对解决最根本的经济问题作出了重要的贡献,也就是生产资源的缺乏问题 。它意味着生产一方受到最大限度的压力要它节约使用有限的生产资源。
从需求一方来说,竞争也恰当地节制了顾客的需求,同时也使顾客多方面的需要得到满足。
澳大利亚消费事务与竞争委员会主席费尔斯在他的谈话中用了这样一些词汇:
1 no-frills service 基本的服务2 fundamental economic issue 根本的经济问题3 scarcity of productive resources 生产资源的缺乏
下面我们完整听一遍费尔斯的这段谈话。(略)
在这一讲结束前,我们复习一遍今天学到的一些生词:
1 competition 竞争2 perfect competition 完全竞争3 workable competition or imperfect competition 可行竞争或不完全竞争4 monopoly 垄断5 no-frills service 基本的服务6 fundamental economy publish 根本的经济问题7 scarcity of fruitful resources 生产资源的缺乏


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