I heard the antique, but do not quite understand the words
butterfly efficacy, the phenomenon of frogs, crocodiles rule, catfish effect, herding, hedgehog rules, see law, broken windows theory, twenty-eight law, Wood tub theory, Matthew effect, which is someone you know? -
1, the butterfly effect: the 70s of last century, one American meteorologist appointed Lorenz system methodology in the interpretation of the climate, said that sometimes the Amazon rain woods a butterfly pinion vibration, perhaps two weeks can occasion a hurricane in Texas. -
the butterfly effect is that the very small changes in initial conditions continued to distend after its future status will cause a very great difference. Some small things can be confusing, and some small things, such as amplified by the system, then an union, a nation is very important to not muddled. -
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2, frog phenomenon: a frog into peppery water instantly into the jug, because of its disadvantageous reactions are very sensitive environment, it will speedily bound out the boiler outside. If you put a frog into a kettle of cold water and slowly heated, the frog will not immediately bound out of the pot, the water temperature gradually increased the final outcome is to be boiled frog died because the water temperature so high that the frog can not stand, it has been also late, or there is no aptitude to jump out the pot outside. -
frog phenomenon tells us that a number of mutation memorabilia, they often cause people to vigilant, and disposed to cause deadly it is in the feel-good situation, a gradual deterioration of the substantial situation without clear notification. -
3, crocodiles rule: its intent is to presume that a crocodile bite your feet, if you hand to try to break your thighs, crocodile will bite your feet and at the same time hand. The more you struggle, the more to be bitten. In the event crocodile bite your feet, your only way is to martyrdom one foot. -
example, in the stock mall, crocodiles rule is: while you detect yourself trading in the direction away from the market, must instantly stop, without any postpone and shall not have any luck. -
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4,
GHD IV Mini Straighteners, catfish effect: In the past, sardines, cheap survival rate during transmission. After it was found that, if put a catfish in the sardines, the situation is somewhat improved, the survival rate will be greatly improved. This is why it? -
had catfish in to a strange surroundings, will be ; and sardines found in more than a This problem is solved hypoxia sardines, and sardines, will not dead. -
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5, herding: sheep where to go, where to go behind the sheep to follow. -
herding stock investment was first a term mainly refers to the investors in the transaction process in learning and sham phenomenon, led them to trade in a definite period of time the same stock. -
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6, hedgehogs rule: 2 slumberous hedgehog, for cold and owned attach. May be because their body is long with backbones, so they left some distance, but can not stand the cold, then get together. After a frustrating, two hedgehogs has eventually found a suitable distance: both with each additional to win the other's warm and was not subject to bar. -
hedgehog law chiefly refers to interpersonal relationships in the -
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7, watch Law: Law is when a person watches have a table, you can know what time it is, and when he has two not being competent to determine. Two tables and can not tell a person more accurate time, so they will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time. -
watch law in affair treatment gives us a very intuitive inspiration, is the same person or an organization can not be accustomed with two different methods, can not set two different targets, even each individual can not be two people to simultaneously directive, or will the affair or personal loss. -
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8, the broken windows theory: a house if the windows broke, no one to nail it, repeat it soon, other windows will be broken somehow; a wall, if some graffiti has not been cleansed, and soon, the wall covered with a mess on, unsightly thing; a very clean place, people taking out the trash sorry, but once litter on the ground appears, people will not hesitate to throw , did not feel ashamed. -
9, twenty-eight law (Pareto's decree): the late 19th early 20th century Italian economist Pareto that in anybody group of entities in merely 1 of the most momentous a small portion, approximately 20%, though a great many the remaining 80%, but it is secondary. About 80% of social wealth is concentrated in the hands of 20%, while 80% of folk with only 20% of the social wealth. This statistical imbalance in the social, economic and life everywhere, this is the twenty-eight statute. -
twenty-eight rules tell us, do not mean to analyze, process and see at the problem, business and management to seize the vital few; to nail those who can provide a 80% profit , but only 20% of the aggregate key clients to enhance services to achieve a multiplier effect; business governors to work seriously on the assortment analysis, it is needful to solve the cardinal exertion on key issues, converge on important projects. -
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10, bucket theory: the essay of the embark if the length of the missing barrels, then the bucket of water is not resolved Sheng was the longest piece of wood, but on the shortest that piece of wood. -
11, Matthew: apt be taken from him 。
sociologist derived from a -
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1, Birdcage logic -
a smart bird cage hanging in the room where the most emphatic, a few days, the employer will make one of the emulating two options: discard away the cage, or purchase a bird imprison on the back Lane. This is the cage logic. The process is easy, imagine you are the employer of the apartment, as long as people entered the room and saw the cage,
GHD Red Butterfly 2011, they can not assist but ask you: kept a bird. Cage logical reason is simple: most of the time people are taking the inertia of considering. It can be seen in the life and go develop plausible considering how important it is. -
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2, broken window effect -
psychology there is a phenomenon called the If there are some graffiti is not cleansed, and presently, on the walls covered with a muff, unsightly things. A very clean place, people would be embarrassed taking out the trash, but once trash on the floor appears, people will not hesitate, and did not feel embarrassed. It was very strange phenomenon. -
psychologists is the bad in the end. -
anything bad, if it were not for stop off at the starting, the formation of civilization, alteration can get rid of, as if the river bank, a small gap is not timely mend, dams can collapse, causing the loss of millions of times. -
muddle is actually the result of crime, New York City in the 80's when the rush is really everywhere, each day not to kill, in wide daylight to be afraid of wading in the avenue. Not to mention the subway, automobile polluted, filthy sentence drew everywhere, on the metro, feel insecure. Although I have not been collared, but the professors have been in roomy daylight, struck a memorandum Sap, blind, from the end of his research vocation, so I talk about Tiger color for many years, not single to New York. New York city and the city recently heaved a lot of fame, so I am quite wondered that a city has been sinking, can escape from the dead, and to push. -
So when I went out to encounter,
GHD Benefit Straighteners, met a criminologist, one immediately to him for advice, the incipient New York City is the last book with the broken window effect in terms of theory, first to improve the criminal environment in which people is not easy crime-Hyde Budao slowly return to order. -
Although this reach was criticized as being slow, handcuffed in a row standing on the platform, open to the public declaration of the Government's resolve to amend and found very effective. -
police found that people do no actually compare the position in the wash and crime, also found that fare evasion grab awarding, because each of those 7 had a fare evasion was wanted, there is one in twenty to carry weapons, so Police are ambitioning to grasp fare evasion quite seriously, which makes criminals not fare evasion, did not defiance go out with weapons to avoid more injury than good, escapes scampers the hazard. This New York City, from the smallest, the easiest location to continue to destroy the criminal interlock of (fetter), so this vicious cycle can not continue -
3, diffusion of responsibility effect -
1964 年 3 月 13 日夜 3 时 20 points outside of an suite in New York before a male named Juno younger than pearly women at the end of the bar on the way home from work between the manslaughter. When she cried out in despair: When anything is calm, the killer returned to perpetrate a crime. When she yelled, the contiguous residents and the light switch, the attackers then fled. When she has nothing to do that, go back to their home upstairs, the killer another appeared before her, to slay her on the stairs. In the process, even though she shouted for help, her neighbors, at least 38 to the window to watch, but no one to rescue her, no one even called the police. This caused a stir in New York society, but also preoccupied the consideration of social psychologists and analytic. It is thought a great number of bystanders neglecting the phenomenon known as diffusion of responsibility effect. -
dispersion effect for the formation of liability reasons, psychologists have done a lot of experiments and surveys found that: this phenomenon can not just say that all of the stony, or moral decay of the extravaganza increased. In another causes, people's acts of alms there is a distinction. When a person in an crisis situation, if necessary he can provide help, he would clearly aware of their responsibilities, provide aid to the victims. If he refused to help produce feelings of crime, feelings of guilt, which requires paying a high psychological amount. And if the presence of many people, help the liability for seeking help from the people to share, resulting in fragmentation of responsibility, the responsibility of each person to share very few observers and even that may not even his own sense of a responsibility not to produce A How to break this situation, which is being studied by psychologists is an important topic. -
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4, Parkinson's Law -
North British historian
Good Parkinson via long-term research, write a writing cried In his book, agent personnel unraveled the reasons for and consequences of inflation: an incompetent officials, there may be 3 ways, first is the applying for resignation, the seat give competent people; the second is to make a competent person to aid their work; third appointment of two levels lower than they were when the assistant. This first way is indeed Zou Bude, because that would lose many rights; second access can not go, because that would be learned of their competitors; seems that only a third way most suitable. As a outcome, two ordinary assistant sharing his work, he is high on orders, they will not pose a threat to their rights. Since the inability of two assistants, they profession the shots, then two more for his inability to find an assistant. And so on, to fashion a bloated, overstaffed, wrangling with each other, inefficient leadership system. -
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5, the halo effect -
notable Russian scholastic monster Pushkin Zengyin character halo effect suffered a great deal. He was fanatically in love with is called Natan Li looks extraordinary, but with different outlet sub-Puhi Jin-Zhi. When the time to write poetry Pushkin peruse it to her time. She all covered their ears and said: decease duel, a scholastic giant to fall prematurely. Appears in Pushkin, a beautiful matron is bound to have great knowledge and noble symbol,
GHD IV Dark Straighteners, whatever, is not the case, a phenomenon known as the halo effect. -
the so-called halo effect, that is, interpersonal communication, people who exhibit the characteristics of a particular aspect, cover the other traits, resulting in interpersonal cognitive disorders. In daily life, For instance, some drawback of the elderly individual young people, or wear, habits and find it unacceptable to think that they necessarily good for nothing; some juvenile people a thing about the affection of friends, you will see him everywhere lovely, really the so-called Halo effect is a sweeping subjective psychological presumption, the peccadillo is: First, it is effortless to grasp the individual specifics and habits of individual shove and, equitable favor Mangrenmoxiang as a point on behalf of the surface; the second It is not intrinsically linked to some of the identity or physical characteristics related with the declaration that such features are leap to have other characteristics; Third, it definitely said yeah to all that bad on all the negative, which is a utter domination by the tendency of subjective prejudice. In short, the halo effect is the interpersonal relationships in a great psychological impact on people with cognitive impairment, we have contacts to try to avoid and surmount the side effects of halo effect. -
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6, Hawthorne effect (Hawthorne effect) -
psychological effects of an experimenter. 20-30 years of the 20th century, U.S. researchers in the Chicago Western Electric Company Hawthorne factory's working conditions, social factors and the relationship between making efficiency experimenter effect found in experiments,
GHD Red Straighteners, said Hawthorne effect. -
The 1st phase of the experiment
November 1924 from the beginning of the working conditions and productivity of the relationship between the test group and control group. Increase or control the results regardless of illumination in the tentative group yields are mushrooming, but the same illumination output of the control group also additional. In appending, tests of the wages paid, the coffee break time, the length of daily and weekly number of days of work and other factors, can not see these working conditions, there is a direct impact on production efficiency. The second phase of the trial along the U.S. Mayo led along Harvard instructor, focuses on social factors and the relationship between productivity and found that the production efficiency is mainly caused along the experimenter in the spirit of the large changes have taken place. Participate in the trial of the operators were placed in special studio researchers led by their social conditions changed, the concerns from entire sides, creating a consciousness of participating, feel that they are an important chapter of the enterprise, so workmen appearances from the social point of view are stimulated to subserve the production amplify. -
This effect tells us that when students or their attention or attention by the public, the study and would greatly increase the efficiency of communication. Therefore, in our daily lives with others learn to get forward and understand what kind of behavior is accepted by students and teachers and gratitude, and we can only live and learn and continually increase their good behavior, it may be more people's attention and gratitude, but also can make our learning progress, full of confidence! -
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7, learned helplessness experiments -
the premier effects of learned helplessness and the West Krugman Overmyer found afterward in beast and human studies have been widely discussed. Simply put, many experiments show that trained dogs can cross the barriers or engage in other behavior to avoid the impact the experimenter added to it. However, if the dogs are not expected before (do not know when to come) and can not be controlled by electric shock (such as interruption of electric shock or not does not depend on the dog's behavior), when the dog was the opportunity to escape electric shock, they have changed was unable to flee. Moreover, the dogs also showed other defects, such as frustration and depression, reduced motivation and so on. -
dog show why this situation is due early in the experiment learned a sense of helplessness. That is, they accomplish that not material what their own can not control the termination shock. In each experiment, the shock is canceled under the control of the experimenter, and the dog will be aware of their inability to change the external control, to learn a sense of helplessness. -
human who had academic helplessness to become a deep despair and grief. Therefore, we should study and life in the open their eyes a tiny and penetrate the real events behind the decision factors, do not make our own despair. -
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8, the witness's memories -
spectator, in our understanding of where, normally to cater some objective evidence, that his own witness and hear the things people who speak out honestly. However, psychological research shows that the proof of numerous witnesses are not very accurate, or that is a personal preference, with private views and awareness. -
witness testimony of their confidence and their testimony can not determine the accuracy of the results of this study is amazing. Mrs fees can be special and psychologist Howard Springs resolved that further study conclusions. In order to investigate whether the testimony of witness something special, they will witness memory and the memory of general knowledge were compared. -
they make were shown a short movie is about the kidnapping of a girl. The afterward day, to answer some of the subjects in the content of the video and queried them to differentiate the degree of positiveness in their respond, then do a admission memory test. Next, use the same means, the content of fashionable literature from the encyclopedia and the general wisdom of elected issues. -
the same place as ahead, Perot fees can be special and Howard Springs also found that the precision of the witness recalled, those confident of their answers than those who do not really have people who do not have confidence greater, but For general knowledge, the situation is not the case, people with high confidence in memories of people who score better than the lack of confidence. -
people in the general knowledge about their strengths and weaknesses with self-knowledge. Therefore, tend to adjust their test results as the confidence scale. General knowledge is a database, is shared among individuals, it has acknowledged the correct answer, the subjects can go measure. For instance, people will kas long asthe issue of whether in sports or even virtually better than others. However, the event witnessed the impact from such self-knowledge. For example, on the entire, they are unthreaten to understand the event than others, the participants in the memory zone cilia color better or aggravate. -
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9, Rosenthal Effect -
Rosenthal,
GHD MK4 Kiss Straighteners, American psychologist, who in 1968 conducted a famous experiment. Them to a primary plebiscite in the three sixth grade classes of the babies production a fuss of the In truth, this list is not determined according to test results, but randomly selected. It is based on 8 months later, dissimilar intelligence test results showed that, the list of general improvement in student fulfilment, teachers also gave their good conduct reviews. This experiment has achieved miraculous results, It is considered by teachers to students the shrewd psychological effects, so that teachers expect students to fulfill the progress of the phenomenon, known as the Pygmalion (Pygmalion of Cyprus in Greek mythology, the potentate, he produced a sculpture of a girl he loved his appetite to eventually make this into a real sculpture, the two fall in love with.) -
educational train also shows that: if a educator like some of the students, they will have high expectations, behind a period of time, students feel the teachers attention, adore and encouragement; often positive viewpoint towards teachers, towards learning and towards own behavior, students more self-esteem, confidence, self-love, self-induce a kind of positive passion, these students often anticipate teachers to obtain progress. In compare, teachers who are ignored, discriminated opposition students from the teacher's talk over time, form, facial statements of teachers felt the requirements; these students often worse day by day, and finally reduced to the bad elements of society. Despite some exceptions, but the trend is that, while it also sounded the fear for teachers. -
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10, artificial share deviation (artificial consensus bias) -
We usually believe that our love is the same with most people. If you like playing computer games, then it may overestimate the number of people like computer games. You will usually overestimate the students to ballot on their preference numbers, overestimate their own prestige in the population and leadership and so on. This overestimation of your behaviors and attitudes you have the same tendency of the number of features is called Some factors that may affect your share of this false bias strength: -
(1) When an outer attribution was stronger than the internal attribution; -
(2) new behavior or events when a person is very important; -
(3) When you are very sure of their point of view, or deem that the time; -
(4) When your status alternatively some kind of customary life and studying be intimidated; -
(5) When it comes to some kind of positive qualities or individuality; -
(6) When you and other people as when they are similar. -
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