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Reprinted from alumni of the user at 08:47 on July 18, 2010 Reading (loading. ..) Comments (1) Category: Geological Survey
Content: Understanding the classification of total station, level, the main technical indicators; to master the basic operation of total station, measuring angles, measuring side, three-dimensional coordinates and three-dimensional coordinate measuring Setting out principles and methods of operation; understand the total station on the edge of measurement, REM measurement, area measurement and other methods.
focus: total station's basic operations, measurement angle, measured edge, measuring three-dimensional coordinates and three-dimensional coordinates of lofting the principle and method of operation.
Difficulty: Total Station Coordinate of three-dimensional and three-dimensional coordinates of the principle and method of operation.
Teaching Method: The demonstration method of teaching. Explain the Topcon total station used in the classroom a feature of each lecture, the use of the advantages of multi-media classrooms, a live demonstration, and operation projected by the projector to the screen, play a visual image of the effect of making students can quickly grasp the use of total station.
§ 7.1 Total Station (total station) in the Function
With the continuous development of science and technology, the optical range finder, electronic theodolite, micro-processing apparatus and data recording device that blends electronic speed measuring device (referred to as total station) is more mature, and gradually spread. This study indicates that the level of surveying instruments manufacturing technology, science and technology content, degree of applicability, have reached a new stage.
total station is able to automatically measure the angle and distance, and according to certain procedures and formats for the measurement data to the appropriate data collection. Total Station high degree of automation, multi-function, good accuracy, by configuring the appropriate interface, can make the field measurement data collected directly into a computer data processing or automated mapping system to enter. Compared with the traditional method, eliminating the need for manual operation in the middle of a large number of links, so that significantly improved labor efficiency and economic benefits, but also to avoid the manual operation, records and other defects during the high error rate.
Many manufacturers
total station, the main production factory and the corresponding total station series are: the Swiss company's TC series Leica Total Station; Japan TOPCN (Topcon) produced by GTS series; Sokkia SET produced series; Pentax PCS produced series; Nikon DMT produced record power series and Sweden McNair produced GDM Series Total Station. Surveying equipment company in South China's production of the NTS series of 90 Total Station to fill the gaps in our country, is taking a new look to the domestic and international markets.
total station work characteristics:
1, can also angle, distance and automatically records measurements;
2, with a variety of field applications, the scene can be imputed in the measurement results;
3, to achieve data flow;
one, TOPCON Total Station Construction Overview
Figure 1 Pentax Total Station PTS-V2, Figure 2 C-100 Total Station Nikon, Figure 3 shows the total station GTS-710,
red wing boots, Figure 4 for the Zeiss Elta R Series Engineering Total Station, Figure 5 Leica TPS1100 Series total station.
II Total Station Features
1, angle measurement (angle observation)
(1) Function: can be horizontal angle, vertical angle measurements.
(2) Method: The theodolite the same, to measure the horizontal angle ∠ AOB, is:
1) When the accuracy is not critical:
A
aiming point - zero (0 SET) - aimed at B point, the level of dial down the size of HR.
2) When high accuracy: - can be measured back to the method (method of observation set).
steps as the same operation with the theodolite, but configuring dial, press the \
2, distance measurement (distance measurement)
PSM, PPM settings - ranging, measuring coordinates, before setting out.
1) prism constant (PSM) settings.
General: PRISM = 0 (first wife prism),-30mm (China-made prism)
2) atmospheric corrections (PPM) (by constant) settings.
input temperature measurement (TEMP), pressure (PRESS), or calculation, the value of the input PPM.
(1) Function: to measure levels from the HD, height VD, and slope distance SD (total station mirror points to the prism mirror point between the height and slope distance)
(2) Method: Sight the prism, according to the \
3, CMM (coordinate measurement)
(1) Function: to measure three-dimensional coordinates of the target point (X, Y, H).
(2) measuring principle
if input: azimuth, station coordinates (,
red wing shoes,); measured: horizontal angle away from peace. There:
Azimuth:
coordinates:
if the input: S station elevation, measured: instruments with high i, the prism of high v, flat distance, vertical angle, there are:
Height:
(3) methods:
input station S (X, Y, H), instruments with high i, high prism v - aim and point of view B, will set the level of dial readings - targeting prism point T, press the \T can be displayed three-dimensional coordinates of points.
4, point loft (Layout)
(1) Function: According to the design of point P to be setting out the coordinates of P points in the field, the plane marked the location and height of cut to fill.
(2) setting out principles
1) stand in the approximate location of the prism, and by measuring the current position coordinates.
2) setting out the current coordinates and the coordinates of points to be compared, the difference was the distance and the angle difference dHR dD or vertical and horizontal difference between the difference Δ X Δ Y.
3) based on the displayed dD, dHR or ΔX, ΔY, gradually find the location of the point stakeout.
5, process measurement (programs)
(1) data acquisition (data collecting)
(2) Coordinate (layout)
(3) on the side of measurement (MLM), REM measurement (REM), area measurement (AREA), resection (RESECTION) and so on.
(4) data storage management. Including data transmission, data file operations (rename, delete, access).
§ 7.2 TOPCON GTS-312 total station user guide
an instrument panel shows the appearance and functionality
panel key functions are as follows:
- into the coordinate measurement mode key.
- into the distance measurement mode key.
ANG - into the angle measurement mode key.
MENU - measurement mode key to enter the main menu.
ESC - to interrupt the ongoing operation, return to the previous menu.
POWER - the power key
- move around the cursor keys
▲ - the cursor moves up and down scroll off the key
F1, F2, F3, F4 - soft function keys, the function corresponding to the appropriate location shown on the display command.
the meaning of symbols on the display:
V - vertical circle reading; HR - reading level to read the disk (right to count); HL - level read the disk reading (left to count);
HD - horizontal distance; VD - Instrument height difference between the telescope to the prism; SD - slant range; * - is distance;
N - North coordinate, x; E - east coordinate, y; Z - zenith coordinates, elevation H.
Second, the total station measurement mode introduces several
1, the angle measurement mode
: Press ANG enter, can be horizontal angle, vertical angle measurement, tilt correction switch settings.
Page 1
F1 OSET: set the level of reading is: 0 ° 0000 \
F2 HOLD: Lock level reading.
F3 HSET: any size to set the level of reading.
F4 P1 ↓: access to page 2.
page 2
F1 TILT: Tilt correction set switch.
F2 REP: retest method.
F3 V%: vertical angle with the percentage displayed.
F4 P2 ↓: access to page 3.
Page 3
F1 H-BZ: 90 ° horizontal angle instrument every turn, whether to beep.
F2 R / L: Right to the reading level of HR / HL left to switch to the level of reading, usually with HR.
F3 CMPS: zenith distance V / vertical angle CMPS switch, and generally V.
F4 P3 ↓: enter on page 1.
2, distance measurement mode
: Press to enter, can be horizontal angle, vertical angle, slope distance, flat distance, height measurement and PSM, PPM, and other settings from the unit.
Page 1
F1 MEAS: measurement.
F2 MODE: Set the measurement mode, Fine / coarse / tragcking (fine test / rough measurement / tracking).
F3 S / A: Setting the prism constant correction value (PSM), atmospheric correction value (PPM).
F4 P1 ↓: access to page 2.
page 2
F1 OFSET: eccentricity measurement.
F2 SO: Setting out from the measurement.
F3 m / f / i: distance in meters / feet / inch switch.
F4 P2 ↓: enter on page 1.
3, coordinate measuring mode
: Press enter to coordinate (N, E, H), horizontal angle, vertical angle, slope distance measurement and PSM, PPM, and other settings from the unit.
page 1
F1 MEAS: measurement.
F2 MODE: Set the measurement mode, Fine / Coarse / Tracking.
F3 S / A: set the prism corrections (PSM), atmospheric correction value (PPM) constant.
F4 P1 ↓: access to page 2.
page 2
F1 R. HT: the input prism high.
F2 INS.HT: Enter the equipment high.
F3 OCC: Enter station coordinates.
F4 P2 ↓: access to page 3.
Page 3
F1 OFSET: eccentricity measurement.
F2 ---
F3 m / f / i: distance in meters / feet / inch switch.
F4 P3 ↓: enter on page 1.
4, the main menu mode
: Press MENU to enter the data can be collected, Coordinate, program execution, memory management (data file editing, transfer and inquiry), the parameter settings.
Third, Total Station Features
measured before, to make the following settings - Press or to enter or coordinate measuring distance measurement mode, then the first one of the S / A (F3).
1, setting the prism constant PRISM - Prism imports more than 0, domestic prism mostly-30mm. (See specific instructions)
2, PPM atmospheric corrections settings - by \(Or in accordance with the instructions of the formula to calculate the PPM value, according to \
Description: PRISM, PPM set, before the new settings in the absence of the instrument to preserve the existing settings.
(a) of the angle measurement
by ANG key to enter the angle mode (after booting the default mode), the horizontal angle, vertical angle measurement method is basically the same operation method and the theodolite. Sighting target, record the instrument readings showed the level of HR and the vertical dial dial readings V.
(b) of the distance measurement
press the button, enter the distance mode, aimed at the prism, press F1 (MEAS), record the instrument to test the site from the prism point level between the HD, the lens and the slope distance between the lens and lens and lens between SD The height difference VD.
(c) of the coordinate measuring
1, according to ANG key to enter the angle measurement mode, aim and point of view A.
2, according to HSET, enter the station after O to A the coordinates of the point of view azimuth.
such as: input 65.4839, that is entered.
3, keys, enter the coordinate measuring mode. By P ↓, into page 2.
4, according to OCC, respectively, N, E, Z coordinates of the input station (X0, Y0, H0).
5, by P ↓, into page 2, in the INS.HT field, enter the instrument high.
6, according to P ↓, into page 2, in R. HT column, enter the B point of the prism high.
7, aiming to be measuring point B, press the MEAS, have B point (XB, YB, HB).
(d) Coordinate sporadic point (do not use paper)
1, press MENU, enter the measurement mode the main menu.
2, according to LAYOUT, into the lofting process, then SKP, skip using the file.
3,
red wing heritage boot, according to OOC.PT (F1), then NEZ, enter the coordinates of the station O points (X0, Y0, H0); and INS.HT column, enter the instrument high.
4, according to BACKSIGHT (F2), then NE / AZ, enter the coordinates after the point of view A (xA, yA); if I do not know A point coordinates and known coordinates azimuth, you can then AZ, key input in HR value. A point of aim, press YES.
5, according LAYOUT (F3), then NEZ, the input to be setting out the coordinates of point B (xB, yB, HB) and the measuring rod of high single-mirror prism, press ANGLE (F1). Use the brake and the level of micro-level spiral, so that shows dHR = 0 ° 0000 \
6, according to DIST, measurement, according to the command shown dHD prism of those who move along the OB, if dHD is positive, then move to the O point; the other hand, if dHD is negative, then moved to the distance, until dHD = 0, the legislature prism point is the B point of the plane location.
7, it is the legislation show the dZ values at the point of cut to fill the prism height, is to dig and negative for the filling.
8, press the NEXT - repeated 5, 6 step, setting out the next point C.
§ 7.3 Notice of Total Station use and maintenance
one total station custody Note
1, keeping the instrument by the person responsible brought back to the office every day after use site; not on the site toolbox.
2, instrument box should be kept dry, to water and the timely replacement desiccant moisture. Specialized equipment shall be placed or fixed position shelves.
3, long-term instruments when not in regular ventilation should be around January mildew and flooding tidal power to keep equipment in good working condition.
4, to be neatly placed equipment may not be inverted.
Second, the use should pay attention to matters
1, pre-construction should check the equipment box straps and handles are secure.
2, after the extraction equipment out of the box before the box to place the instrument in the sights and locations of the way, handling equipment, it must hold the handle, remove the instrument from the instrument case, or into cabinets, please hold handle and the base of live instruments, not holding the lower part of the display unit. Equipment must not take the tube, otherwise it will affect the internal fixed component, thereby reducing the accuracy of the instrument. Hold the base should be part of the instrument, or both hands to hold the lower part of the telescope frame. Instruments used up, the first cover lens cover, and wipe the surface of the dust. Packing when the appropriateness of each part to be placed, close the lid should be accessible.
3, in the sunlight under the observation instrument, apparatus should be given an umbrella and wear sun shade, so as not to affect the observation accuracy. Measured in the cluttered environment, the instrument must be hand guard. When the instrument is mounted on a smooth surface, use the string (or thin wire) to a tripod of three legs together to stop them from slipping.
4, when the instrument set up a tripod, wooden tripod as much as possible, because the use of metal tripod may cause vibration, thus affecting the measurement accuracy.
5, when the measuring stations distance, moving station should be the instrument removed, the container is carrying away. Walk before you check whether the locked cabinets, check the seat belt is fastened. When the short distance between stations, stations can be moved together with the tripod with the instrument against the shoulder, but the equipment to keep upright.
6, moving points,
red wing store, you should check the instrument and tripod connection is solid, handling,
red wing shoes sale, should the brake screw slightly shut, the instrument in the removal station process will not shake.
7, failure of any part of the instrument is not reluctant to use, immediately repair, or equipment will increase the extent of damage.
8, components should be kept clean, as contamination of Fui Sha must use a soft brush or lens cleaning paper wipe. Prohibit the use of fingers touching the instrument to any optical surface. Clean equipment lens surface, first brush with a clean sweep the dust off, and then dip a clean cotton cloth Alcohol wireless center outward from the lens of a circle and gently wipe. Remove the instrument case on the role of the dust must not any thinner or gasoline, and the application of clean cloth dampened in neutral detergent scrub.
9, wet environments, operating over the surface with a soft cloth to wipe the equipment after the packing of water and dust. Back at the office immediately unpack the equipment kept in dry place and thoroughly dry it before packing inside.
10, winter indoor and outdoor temperature difference is large, outdoor equipment, or move out indoors, should be out of the box from time to time before.
Third, battery
total station total station battery is one of the most important part, and now total station is equipped with batteries generally Ni-MH (nickel-metal hydride batteries) and Ni-Cd (nickel-cadmium batteries), battery good bad, how much power determines the length of time outside the industry.
1,
red wing heritage boots, proposed to open during the power not to remove the battery, because the stored data may be lost at this time, so the power is off before inserting or removing the battery.
2, rechargeable battery can be recharged repeatedly using, but if there is still remaining in the battery state of charge of electricity, it will shorten the battery's working time, this time, the battery voltage can be recovered by refreshing, thereby improving the job time, a fully charged battery discharge time is about 8 hours.
3, do not charge or discharge continuously, otherwise it will damage the battery and charger, if necessary, to charge or discharge, you should stop charging for about 30 minutes before using the charger.
not just charge the battery after the charge or discharge, and sometimes this would result in battery damage.
4, exceeds the charging time will shorten battery life, should be avoided and the level of remaining battery capacity displayed on the current measurement mode, the angle measurement mode, the battery remaining capacity enough, can not guarantee that the battery In the distance measurement mode, also can be used, because of the distance measurement mode power consumption higher than the angle measurement mode, when the distance from the point of view mode to mode, the lack of battery capacity, ranging from time to time suspended.
short, only in their daily work, pay attention to the use of total station and maintenance, pay attention to the battery charge and discharge total station, can extend the life of total station, so to maximize the effectiveness of total station