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08-15-2011, 01:45 AM
avr
AVR Microcontroller ATMEL Corporation in 1997 developed by the enhanced built-in Flash of the RISC (Reduced Instruction Set CPU) high-speed 8-bit RISC microcontroller. AVR microcontroller can be widely used in computer peripherals, industrial real-time control, instrumentation, communications equipment, household appliances and other fields. 1997 by the Norwegian Design Centre, Atmel and Mr. A, Mr. V, using Atmel's Flash technology, jointly developed a high-speed RISC 8-bit RISC microcontroller, referred to as AVR.
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AVR biggest characteristic of the main features of AVR AVR AVR development of software development tools and the recommended entry-chip armored reconnaissance vehicle AVR AVR AVR automatic voltage regulator main features of high reliability, strong function, high speed, low power consumption and low cost, has been an important indicator to measure SCM performance, but also capture the market microcontroller, a necessary condition for survival. SCM was mainly due to the early low level of technology and design, power consumption and poor performance of high and cause interference, so to secure the program: that the higher frequency coefficients of the clock divider, making the instruction cycle is long, slow execution speed. Although the use of future CMOS single chip to improve clock frequency and other measures to reduce the frequency coefficient, but this state has not been radically changed (51 and 51 compatible). Although some of the reduced instruction set here microcontroller (RISC) come out, but still followed the practice of the clock frequency. The introduction of AVR microcontrollers, completely designed to break this old pattern, and abolished the machine cycle, abandoned CISC (CISC) instructions to pursue a comprehensive approach; using reduced instruction set to the length of the word as a command unit, the operation will be the number of rich and operation code being arranged in the word (instruction set, the majority of single-cycle instructions are so), take that short period, but also prefetch instructions to achieve assembly-line, it can speed the implementation of instructions. Of course, this rate rise on the jump, is backed by its high reliability. AVR microcontroller hardware structure to take the 16-bit 8-bit machine and the machine's compromise strategy of using a local register stack memory (register file 32) and single high-speed input / output of the program (ie, the input capture registers, registers and the corresponding output compare match control logic.) Improved instruction execution speed (1Mips/MHz), to overcome bottlenecks and enhance the function; while reducing the cost of peripheral administration, the relative simplifies the hardware structure and reduce costs. Therefore, AVR microcontroller in software / hardware cost, speed, performance and cost optimization has made a lot of balance, which is cost-effective microcontroller. AVR microcontroller embedded Flash program memory, high-quality, easy to erase, support ISP and IAP, to facilitate product testing, development, production and updates. Embedded long-life long-term preservation of critical data EEProm to avoid power loss. Large-capacity RAM chip can not only meet the general situation of use, but also support the use of more effective procedures for high-level language development system, and as the expansion of MCS-51 microcontroller as an external RAM. AVR microcontroller's I / O lines can be set with all the pull-up resistor, can be set as input / output can be set (initial) high impedance input, driving ability (power-driven devices can be avoided), and other characteristics, so that the gain I / O port resources,nike air force one low (http://www.sportairshoes.com/air-force-1-classic-high-shoes-c-15.html), flexible, powerful, and can be fully utilized. AVR microcontroller chip clock divider with multiple, independent, respectively, for URAT, I2C, SPI use. One with 8 / 16 bit timer with up to 10 bits with prescaler, can be set by software division offers a variety of grades of time factor time. AVR microcontroller unique modulation of the output PWM) Enhanced high-speed synchronous / asynchronous serial interface,air force one shoes (http://www.sportairshoes.com/), check code generated with the hardware, hardware testing and verification debug, two receive buffer, the baud rate automatically adjusts the positioning (receiver), the shielding frame and other functions, improve communications reliability, easy programming, a more convenient form of distributed networks and communication systems to achieve the complex multi-machine applications, function well over MCS-51/96 microcontroller serial port serial port, plus high-speed AVR microcontroller, the interrupt service time is short, it can achieve high wave Special rate of communication. Byte-oriented high-speed serial interface hardware, TWI, SPI. TWI and I2C interface, compatible with the hardware to send and ACK signal identification, address identification,air force one low nike (http://www.sportairshoes.com/air-force-1-classic-high-shoes-c-15.html), bus arbitration and other functions, to achieve master / slave / receive all 4 combinations of multi-machine communication. SPI supports master / slave combinations of 4 multi-machine communication. AVR Microcontroller with automatic power-on reset circuit, an independent watchdog circuit, low voltage detection circuit BOD, multiple reset sources (automatic loading and power-on reset, external reset, watchdog reset, BOD reduction), can be set to start after the extension of When running the program, and enhance the reliability of embedded systems. AVR microcontroller with multiple power-saving sleep mode, and can be wide-voltage operation (5-1.8V), anti-jamming ability, and can reduce the normal 8-bit machine interference design of software and hardware, the use of the workload. Microcontroller AVR microcontroller technology reflects a multi-device (including FLASH program memory, watchdog, EEPROM, synchronous / asynchronous serial port, TWI, SPI, A / D converter, timer / counters, etc.) and a variety of function (Enhanced reset system reliability, lower power consumption sleep mode interference, wide variety of categories, interrupt system, with input capture and output compare match diverse functions such as timers / counters, a replacement function I / O Port ... ...) in one, fully embodies the SCM technology from the In summary, AVR microcontroller absorbing, and a unique technology, is worthy of a 8-bit machine in the crowd. Maximum Features ● AVR Harvard architecture, with 1MIPS / MHz processing power, high-speed operation; ● super-reduced instruction set features (RISC), with 32 general purpose working registers, to overcome such as a single ACC 8051 MCU processing bottlenecks caused; ● Quick access to registers, single-cycle instruction, greatly optimized object code size, execution efficiency, and some models FLASH is very large, especially for high-level language used for development; ● output and the PIC for the HI / LOW same can output 40mA (single output) for input can be set to tri-state high impedance input or pull input, with 10mA-20mA sink current capability; ● multi-chip RC oscillator frequency, power automatically reset, watchdog, start delay and other features,air force one low (http://www.sportairshoes.com/air-force-1-classic-high-shoes-c-15.html), the external circuit is more simple, more stable and reliable system; ● most resource-rich AVR chip: with E2PROM, PWM, RTC, SPI, UART, TWI, ISP, AD, Analog Comparator, WDT, etc.; ● Most of AVR functions in addition to ISP, IAP also function to facilitate the application upgrade or destruction of the selection of AVR MCU AVR microcontroller series is complete, suitable for different occasions. AVR microcontroller has three grades: low Tiny AVR Microcontroller family: the main Tiny11/12/13/15/26/28 etc.; mid-range AVR microcontroller AT90S Series: main AT90S1200/2313/8515/8535 etc.; (being phased out or transition to Mega in) high-end AVR microcontroller ATmega Series: main ATmega8/16/32/64/128 (storage capacity 8/16/32/64/128 KB) and ATmega8515/8535 and so on. AVR automatic voltage regulator is also the acronym for
Stanford AVR SX440 -------------------------------- ---------------------------------- AVR development software AVR Studio ATMEL's AVR microcontroller development of an integrated debugging environment for assembly-level software free of charge. ATMEL AVR Studio integrated development environment (IDE), includes the AVR Assembler compiler, AVR Studio debugging features, AVR Prog serial, parallel download, and JTAG ICE emulation functions. SL ISP ISP Ssangyong download the software developed. Previous versions are more common, the introduction of the latest version of 1.423 STK500 fuse bit interface, so that operation is relatively simple and not prone to error. Is made the old downloader. PnoyProg classic ISP download software. But this version has a flaw: the software clock correction value read out only 1MHZ correction, correction of other frequencies can not be read. This is a good use of free software. Not been updated for more than a year, a new version 2005.05 updated to support the tiny2313, mega8515, mega8535, but strangely, still do not support M48/88/168. VMLAB Vmlab AVR MCU is a pure software simulation tools. From V3.12 began, it became a free version. Vmlab simulation ST62 series of microcontrollers can GCCAVR (WinAVR) GCC is the only Linux development language. Applications for embedded systems, almost all have a certain market share market more than 8bit MCU has fans transplantation GCC on it. GCC compiler optimization level can be said is the world's commercial software to do the best, complete with ANSI? C specification written over ten thousand lines of code in the program, there is no any kind of object code generated by compiler than GCC generated code can be faster, but at the same number of bug but it can also be regarded as all the civilian C compiler for the least developed in terms of 8bit, GCC has a very serious flaw is that does not support the float data type In fact, regard the GCC in all environments is defined as a direct float double, so that on the 8bit environment, the burden becomes too heavy. Ported to WINDOWS platform, after the integration of the various components that Windows version GCCAVR WinAVR. Not the IDE, when your IDE is necessary to use custom makefile, makefile important role is: to specify the MCU type, specify the compiled file, set the compiler optimization conditions. AVR development tools and the recommended entry-chip STK500 stk500 download cable is the only recommended ATmel download the official way to burn. In AVR Studio, it maintain a constant upgrades and updates, you can support the current, future AVR chips. ISP download speeds faster than the parallel port, and more stable. JTAG emulator to use AVR Studio to open *. cof *. elf or simulation file, you can simulate the operation. Facilitate the development of testing and debugging time. Support simulation of chip: ATmega16, ATmega32, ATmega64, ATmega128, ATmega323, ATmega162, ATmega165 ATmega16 chip recommended recommended entry-level AVR reasons: 1. The current mainstream AVR, AVR chip one of the most cost-effective,air force one high (http://www.sportairshoes.com/air-force-1-classic-high-shoes-c-15.html), allowing adequate supply. Retail price of only 20 yuan, 100 more volume can be reduced to 14 per hour. 2. 16K of FLASH, to meet the needs of most of the experiments. 3. Built-rich and powerful. Involving almost all the features of AVR chips. Please refer to the Chinese data manual. 4. Support JTAG emulation, do not need to purchase the more expensive emulator. 5. A line package,nike air force one (http://www.sportairshoes.com/), to facilitate experimental welding. AVR AVR microcontroller chip classification series is complete, suitable for different occasions. AVR microcontroller has three grades: low Tiny AVR Microcontroller family: the main Tiny11/12/13/15/26/28 etc.; mid-range AVR microcontroller AT90S Series: main AT90S1200/2313/8515/8535 etc.; (being phased out or transition in the Mega, please refer to: AVR chips announced due list) high-end AVR microcontroller ATmega Series: main ATmega8/16/32/64/128 (storage capacity 8/16/32/64/128 KB) and ATmega8515 / 8535. The new models also ATmega48/88/168 (storage capacity 4/8/16K) and so on. AVR armored reconnaissance vehicle Armored Vehicle Reconnaissance armored reconnaissance vehicle equipped with surveillance equipment, armored combat vehicles. Mainly for the implementation of tactical reconnaissance. Points tracked and wheeled 2. Modern armored reconnaissance vehicle equipped with a variety of detection devices and equipment. Armored reconnaissance vehicles of the outer profile, small size, light weight, fast. Fighting the whole weight of 6 to 16 tons, the individual of 19.5 tons, Crew 3 to 5 people. The car is usually equipped with a 20 to 30 mm cannon and 7.62 mm machine guns, some vehicles equipped with 76 ~ 105 mm or 14.5 mm machine gun gun voltage regulator AVR automatic voltage regulator (AVR) is a sealed electronic device, by controlling the low- power of the exciter magnetic field, adjusting the rectifier output Armature excitation power, and thus to control the main field current, stable output voltage requirements of the brushless generator has low frequency and no input signal protection. Together with parallel compensation, expansion capacity to meet customer needs. Stamford AVR SX440 for example, its general specifications are as follows: 170V ~ 265VAC 50/60Hz input power supply to detect the maximum output power 190V ~ 270VAC 4A 95VDC voltage regulation rate ≤ 0.5% generator field resistance of 15 ohms minimum external potentiometer 1K Euro 1 / 2W potentiometer voltage of ± 8% when the establishment of (initial) voltage is greater than when the remanence is automatically created when 5V25Hz low-voltage protection built-in engine rpm drops thus resulting in reduced output voltage protection circuit temperature -40 ℃ ~ 60 ℃ wiring terminal function: 1. K1, K2: the magnetic switch when not in use must be short jumper. 2. P2, P3: the magnetic field power supply input terminals. 3. 2,3: To detect the power input terminals. 4. 1,2: as an external VR, when not in use must be short jumper. 5. X, XX: X is the magnetic field F +, XX for the magnetic field F-. 6. S1, S2: the Droop (Droop), CT input. 7. J1 ~ J8: 2-3 select jumper, 4-5 ,6-7.
SX440 panel
entries Atlas Atlas more extended reading: 1
http://www.IClinker.com/ IC network of people in direct communication with senior AVR.
2
www.ouravr.com
3
www.waveshare.net
4
http://www.ourdev.cn/index.html
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